Objectives: Cervical cytology screening has been successful in reducing deaths from cervical cancer. We sought to determine risk factors for abnormal Pap test results in women undergoing kidney transplant evaluation. Conclusions: Previous kidney transplant, autoimmune disease, and age ≤ 50 years were associated with abnormalities on cervical cancer screening in our female group of patients. Patients with these characteristics may benefit more from routine cervical cancer screening than other patients evaluated for kidney transplant. Materials and Methods