В коллективной монографии публикуются результаты исследований, посвященных взаимосвязи идентичностей и языков как ценностей российского общества и его символических маркеров. Мониторинг языковой ситуации, этнического и иного культурного многообразия России выполнен сотрудниками Института этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук и экспертами Сети этнологического мониторинга и раннего предупреждения конфликтов (EAWARN). Исследователи не ставили перед собой задачу изучения языковедческих сюжетов, а предприняли попытку анализа социальных аспектов функционирования языков. Помимо научной задачи проект имел практикоориентированную цель разработки предложений по совершенствованию государственной национальной политики в регионах Российской Федерации. Для специалистов в области межнациональных отношений, языковой, образовательной и миграционной политики, ученых гуманитарной сферы и представителей общественных организаций этнокультурной направленности.

The subject of this study was a poorly readable 66 years old typewritten text. This is a transcript of twenty lectures by the outstanding Russian anthropologist Georgy Debets (1905–1969), a record of his training course “Anthropology of the Peoples of USSR”. In 1954, he taught it at the Department of Anthropology at Moscow State University. Initially G. F. Debets had intended to write a textbook based on this lectures, but he did not fulfill this idea. The characteristics of the training course are given in general terms. The main attention is paid to how G. F. Debets saw the history of anthropological study of the peoples of Russia. At the same time, certain changes were taken into account both in the theory and practice of anthropological studies that have taken place since the early 1950s. The 1st lecture was delivered on September 6th, 1954, the last lecture was dated to the end of December of the same year. The lecture transcripts are mainly 30–40 pages long, with the exception of lectures on the peoples of Kazakhstan and Central Asia, which fit in 50 pages. The first two lectures were devoted to the study of the history of the peoples of the USSR from ancient antiquity to the present, the 3–5th lectures dealt with the methodology of studying the modern and fossil population, meaning racial somatology and craniology. The 6th lecture outlined the principles of the classification of modern human races and described the various existing classifications. Five lectures (7–11th) were devoted to the review of the country's population paleoanthropology from the Paleolithic era until the Middle Ages, inclusive. The next nine lectures covered the anthropology of peoples living in separate geographical areas. G. F. Debets pointed that the course he taught was not about the history of Russian anthropology, so he would not touch on many works of the 19th century. The first lectures outline the stages of development of anthropological research of the peoples of the USSR and state the results of isolated stages, which are reflected unevenly. Both this periodization and the characteristics of the stages do not always coincide with the periodization that was presented in the university textbooks of anthropology that appeared later. For this reason, the transcript of lectures of 1954 is a valuable source both for the history of physical anthropology as a whole and for understanding the scientific views of one of the founders of modern anthropology.

The Xiongnu-Sarmatian era (1st century BC – first half of the 5th century AD) on the territory of Mountain Altai is represented by the Bulan-Koba culture. Earlier studies of the anthropological composition of the Mountain Altai population of this period made it possible to reveal the presence of an autochthonous anthropological layer. Also a noticeable increase in the proportion of the Mongoloid component only for the southeastern part of Mountain Altai was noticed. This article presents for the first time data on the dental system features of the Mountain Altai population, which is an independent source. The aim of the work is to analyze the anthropological composition of the population based on the data of odontology and to determine the origins of its genesis. The work is based on the analysis of data from the burial grounds Bosch-tuu I, Bulan-Koby IV, Stepushka 1, 2 and Ayrydash I (Altai Republic) that belong to the belo-bomsky stage (2nd – the first half of the 4th century AD). The series of the Ayrydash I burial ground includes 79 individuals, Bosh-Tuu I – 43 individuals, Bulan-Koba IV – 39 individuals, Stepushka 1, 2 – 23 individuals. The paper discusses 10 key odontoscopic traits. The evaluation of the traits and their further analysis were carried out in accordance with the methodology and technic contained in the works of A. A. Zubov. As a result, it was found that all the series studied belong to the range of populations of the western odontological branch with some increase in the frequency of traits of eastern orientation. In the group of Ayrydash I, taking into account the total number of the series, this eastern “raid” is the most distinct. The genesis of the population of the Mountain Altai of the Xiongnu-Xianbei-Rouran time was complex, as in previous epochs. The data of odontology prove that the “Pazyryks” directly preceding the “Bulan-Kobins” was not the main substrate on the basis of which the new population was composed. Rather, the basis was formed by descendants of the nomadic population of the forest-steppe foothills of the Altai. Dental anthropology data differ from that of craniology in assessing the role of the Pazyryk population's participation in the formation of Bulan-Koba culture. It is possible that an increase in the number of series studied will eventually lead to a convergence of estimates of the two systems.

Статья посвящена идентификационным стратегиям коренных малочисленных народов Севера. В фокусе внимания находится вопрос о том, как влияют на этническую идентичность людей факторы, порожденные особым правовым статусом. Установлено на примере Ханты-Мансийского автономном округа -Югры, что анализируемый случай отражает ситуацию, когда организация этнических идентичностей коренных малочисленных народов Севера основывается, скорее, не на объективных культурных характеристиках, а на приписывании ограниченному набору признаков определенных социальных значений. Ключевые слова: коренные малочисленные народы Севера; идентификационные стратегии и границы; множественная социальная идентичность; этничность; индигенность; транскультурация.

The article considers one of the important episodes of the history of Old Believers of the Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy: the attempt to create in the USSR in 1955 the Moscow metropolis. The work is based on archival documents of the Council for religious affairs under the Council of Ministers, the correspondence of the Archbishop of Moscow and Metropolitan Belokrinitskiy, materials prepared for the enthronement of the Moscow Archbishop , as well as published documentary materials. The question about creation of the Moscow metropolis instead of the Archbishopric was raised by Russian old believers repeatedly from 1861. At 1948 this question was brought up to discussion by Metropolitan Tikhon Belokrinitskiy (Romania), but because of personal hostility to him by Moscow Archbishops Irinarkh and then Theophylact and their ambitions discussion and a decision had been delaying. The Soviet state tried to attract and use religious organizations during the Great Patriotic war and immediately after its end, but to 1955 the state have largely lost interest in cooperation and gradually changed its policy...