The Neotropical genus Teramocerus Schoenherr, 1840 is redefined on the basis of a taxonomic revision and of a phylogeny. In addition to several other characters of the external morphology, detailed examination of sclerites and ornamentation of the internal sac of aedeagus was used for the first time in Brentidae Billberg, 1820, providing several new characters, with also potential interest for the study of the tribe Acratini and possibly the family. Two new synonymies are proposed at generic level: Acratus Lacordaire, 1865, n. syn. for Teramocerus and Proteramocerus Kleine, 1921, n. syn. for Teramocerus. Five new species are described from Amazonian Basin and French Guiana: Teramocerus amazonicus n. sp., T. brulei n. sp., T. curtirostris n. sp., T. pulchriformis n. sp. and T. trichosternon n. sp. Because of the synonymy between Proteramocerus and Acratus with Teramocerus, seven new combinations are proposed:
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