We consider a state-constrained optimal control problem of a system of two non-local partial-differential equations, which is an extension of the one introduced in a previous work in mathematical oncology. The aim is to minimize the tumor size through chemotherapy while avoiding the emergence of resistance to the drugs. The numerical approach to solve the problem was the combination of direct methods and continuation on discretization parameters, which happen to be insufficient for the more complicated model, where diffusion is added to account for mutations. In the present paper, we propose an approach relying on changing the problem so that it can theoretically be solved thanks to a Pontryagin Maximum Principle in infinite dimension. This provides an excellent starting point for a much more reliable and efficient algorithm combining direct methods and continuations. The global idea is new and can be thought of as an alternative to other numerical optimal control techniques.
Summary
We develop in this paper a method ensuring robustness properties of bang‐bang strategies, for general nonlinear control systems. Our main idea is to add bang arcs in the form of needle‐like variations of the control. With such bang‐bang controls having additional degrees of freedom, steering the control system to some given target amounts to solving an overdetermined nonlinear shooting problem, what we do by developing a least‐square approach. In turn, we design a criterion to measure the quality of robustness of the bang‐bang strategy, based on the singular values of the end‐point mapping, and which we optimize. Our approach thus shows that redundancy implies robustness, and we show how to achieve some compromises in practice, by applying it to the attitude control of a 3d rigid body.
La forte demande mondiale de viande, de produits carnés et de matières premières agricoles pousse les pays producteurs à étendre leurs frontières agricoles et pastorales vers de nouveaux territoires au risque d’y provoquer de fortes tensions géopolitiques. C’est le cas dans le bassin du Pilcomayo où les territoires, répartis entre l’Argentine et le Paraguay, font aujourd’hui l’objet d’intenses enjeux fonciers en vue d’y introduire des élevages bovins à grande échelle. Cette région semi-aride d’Amérique du Sud était déjà le théâtre de tensions entre les deux pays autour de la répartition des eaux du Pilcomayo, mais cette pression aussi brutale qu’inédite s’est traduite par une multiplication des conflits locaux et frontaliers. Pourtant, la transformation du bassin du Pilcomayo en nouvel eldorado de l’élevage risque d’ores et déjà d’être remise en cause par l’introduction de cultures beaucoup plus rentables comme le soja. Dès lors, la question du devenir de l’élevage extensif se pose, ainsi que le choix de son maintien, notamment dans un pays comme l’Argentine où la consommation de viande représente un véritable enjeu politique et social.
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