The need to mainstream biodiversity into agricultural activities has been advocated for some time. Several approaches have been described, ranging from plot to farm or landscape scale and involving different practices. We studied the development of a biodiversity enhancing project in French vineyards based on agronomic and sociological data. We conducted interviews and farm surveys to analyze management practices influencing biodiversity both within fields and in adjacent areas not used for production. We studied farmers' motivations to join the winegrowers' association project and their perception of the importance of biodiversity in their own vineyard management. Results show that individual initiative and the farmers' association both played a key role in project development, even though people's perception of biodiversity matters and personal involvement had been extremely variable. Although the project can be considered a collective success, it remains difficult for winegrowers, individually, to take biodiversity into account in their agronomic practices.

HORS-SÉRIE 16 | juin 2013 Patrimonialiser la nature

Sous la direction de Christine Bouisset (Laboratoire Société, environnement, territoire) et Isabelle Degrémont(Laboratoire Société, environnement, territoire)

The following article proposes an assessment of the use of the « Espaces Naturels Sensibles » (Sensitive Natural Areas) or ENS programme within the five “départements” (counties) of the region “Pays de la Loire”. We started from the observation of an unequal and diversified use of the programme among counties. That disparity reveals large differences in the appropriation of ENS concerning the aims (whether legal or administrative) as well as the stakeholders/users. We were able to put forwards a common feature in the evolution of the criteria for the selection of ENS sites : the growing importance of ecological criteria. This tendency illustrates the drift from identifying emblematic sites – natural, scenic, cultural or historical sites – as heritage to identifying biodiversity in an area as heritage. The two tests sites’ analysis (Maine-et-Loire and Loire-Atlantique), and in particular of their mediation mechanisms, will be the opportunity of illustrating this new tendency, but more importantly, of highlighting a relevant change in values for the use of these areas. We will then be able to refine our understanding of how the identification of nature as heritage works.

L’article suivant propose une évaluation des usages du dispositif « Espaces Naturels Sensibles » (ENS) au sein des cinq départements - Loire-Atlantique (44), Vendée (85), Maine-et-Loire (49), Sartre (72) et Mayenne (53)- de la région Pays de la Loire (France). Partant du constat d’un usage inégal et diversifié de l’outil ENS entre les départements, révélateur des fortes disparités d’appropriation du dispositif, nous mettons en évidence un trait commun dans l’évolution générale des critères de sélection des sites affichés comme ENS : la montée en puissance des critères écologiques dans la définition des sites retenus comme ENS. Cette tendance illustre le passage d’une patrimonialisation d’espaces emblématiques d’un point de vue naturel, paysager, culturel ou historique, à la patrimonialisation de la biodiversité des espaces. L’analyse de deux sites-tests du Maine-et-Loire et de la Loire-Atlantique, et notamment de leurs dispositifs de médiation sera enfin l’occasion, de mettre en évidence un changement de valeur révélateur des nouveaux usages de ces espaces et donc d’affiner la compréhension du processus de patrimonialisation de la nature à l’œuvre.

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