Objectives: To identify how breastfeeding of children with microcephaly occurs due to congenital Zika syndrome. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, conducted between February and August 2017, with 40 mothers of children with microcephaly treated in a public maternity hospital in the interior of northeastern Brazil. Data collected from a structured instrument, analyzed descriptively. Results: 47.5% of the mothers breastfed their children in the first hour of life, 65% had no difficulties to breastfeed. Gestational age ranged from <37 to >40 weeks, head circumference averaged 31.25 centimeters. The time of diagnosis of microcephaly in 72.5% of the babies was postpartum. There were no statistically significant associations between breastfeeding problems, types of breastfeeding, maternal age and cephalic perimerate of children with microcephaly. Conclusion: Most children with microcephaly due to congenital Zika syndrome were breastfed in the first hour of life. The mothers of these children mentioned as difficulties in breastfeeding, mastitis, nipple fissure and incorrect catch.
O estudo buscou conhecer o perfil profissional dos psicólogos que atuam no sul do estado do Maranhão. O objetivo foi traçar características sociodemográficas, de formação e atuação profissional. Utilizou-se um questionário online via plataforma Google Forms, contendo 30 perguntas no período de setembro a novembro de 2019 com profissionais inscritos no Conselho Regional de Psicologia da 22ª região. Os resultados apontaram para um perfil similar ao encontrado na literatura sobre perfil de psicólogas(os): profissionais jovens, predominantemente do sexo feminino e com atuação diversificada, embora a atividade clínica seja praticada pela maioria. Em geral possuem mais de um vínculo contratual que se distribui entre o público e o privado, porém com maior participação do setor público. Em relação a pós-graduação observou-se que a especialização foi a modalidade mais frequente e que dentre as(os) pesquisadas(os), 99% disseram estar atuando na área. Tais resultados demonstraram que a Psicologia se apresenta como um campo profissional em ascensão na região e que os desafios para o aprimoramento profissional se tornam necessário para atender às demandas regionais.
Objetivo: Caracterizar a prevalência, principais causas e fatores associados da inaptidão sorológica em um Hemonúcleo no interior do Maranhão. Método: Constitui-se em um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo dos doadores de sangue inaptos por triagem sorológica no Hemonúcleo em Imperatriz-MA nos anos de 2015 a 2017. Resultados: A prevalência de marcadores sorológicos reagentes foi de 4,91%, equivalente a 2066 bolsas bloqueadas com predomínio do sexo masculino, 36 a 45 anos, solteiro e doadores de primeira vez, havendo maior ocorrência de sorologias reagentes para hepatite B e sífilis. Conclusão: Verificou-se elevado índice de doadores inaptos em avaliação por triagem sorológica em comparação à média nacional havendo semelhança em sexo, grupo etário, estado civil e frequência de doação. Assim como, semelhança nacional para prevalência de testes reagentes para hepatite B e sífilis.
We evaluate the genetic characterization of 132 HIV‐1 pol sequences from children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Brazil. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed using the maximum likelihood method using SeaView version 4 and SIMPLOT software. Most individuals harbored HIV‐1 B (84.8%) and BF recombinants (9.8%), although other non‐B subtypes were detected: HIV‐1 C (1.5%), HIV‐1 F (2.4%), and BC recombinants (1.5%). Antiretroviral resistance was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.7%–55.4%). Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) showed higher frequencies of primary mutations, with 40.9% (95% CI: 32.9%–49.4%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and protease inhibitors (PIs) with 34.8% (95% CI: 27.3–43.3) and 6.1% (95% CI: 3.1%–11.5%), respectively. Among NRTIs, higher resistance levels were observed for abacavir, emtricitabine, and lamivudine; for NNRTI, nevirapine and efavirenz. The most common primary mutations found were M184V (29.5%), K103N (25%), M41L (9.8%), T215Y (8.3%), and G190A (8.3%). Our findings highlight the importance of surveillance of resistance mutations, which contributes to the continuous updating and implementation of preventive measures to decrease mother‐to‐child‐transmission and transmitted drug resistance.
The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil has been growing in northeast and north regions, particularly an increase in AIDS cases among the younger male population has been observed. This study aims to characterize the HIV-1 genetic diversity and to evaluate its antiretroviral resistance profile among individuals presenting virological failure in the state of Maranhão-Brazil. HIV-1 pol gene sequences from 633 patients on antiretroviral therapy were obtained from the Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed to characterize viral genetic diversity. The presence of antiretroviral resistance mutations was assessed using the HIV Drug Resistance Database online platform of Stanford University. A predominance of subtype B (84.5%) was observed, followed by recombinant BF (9.5%), where more than half of the sequences were dispersed in 3 clusters. Antiretroviral resistance was detected in 74.1% of the sequences, and it was significantly higher for nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) than for non-nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). Inference of putative transmissions clusters identified 11 clusters with 22 query sequences (22/633, 3.5%). Thus, we conclude that continuous monitoring of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 is essential for prevention strategies, epidemic control, and treatment adequacy.
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