No abstract

The article provides statistical data of the technical condition of bridges in Ukraine, identifies the organizations responsible for the condition of bridges in Ukraine, analyzes the mechanism of design, construction, reconstruction and repair of bridges on a competitive basis in Ukraine, identifies shortcomings, proposes changes in the mechanism for the promotion of innovative technologies, taking into account international experience. The article proposes to use the selection of bidders not only by price, but taking into account the quality of works and services. This need was identified because of the analysis of the current Ukrainian legislation in the field of competitive bidding and building, renovation, and reconstruction of bridges. Identified the need to develop a program to encourage participation in tenders of companies with innovative products for the construction and reconstruction of bridges, using the Japanese experience. The article offers a bonus system of motivation for the winning bidder`s company, in case of reducing the final cost of the project. It was considered the necessity of including a bonus motivation system in the contract. This will lead to greater interest of companies to participate in competitive bidding and bring to the market innovative technologies and products for the construction, reconstruction, repair of bridges in Ukraine. It was outlined the need to develop an open statistical base in competitive bidding programs, what will make these programs more transparent for not only Ukrainian bidders, but for foreign bidders too, that can help to involve foreign innovative technologies in building and reconstruction of bridges in Ukraine. As a result of the analysis of the existing organizational and economic process of implementation of technologies for bridge construction, identified the need to develop a standard Sample of Feasibility Study for bridge construction, taking into account the final cost of the project and to include this mechanism to the contract. Identified the need of using of adaptive foreign experience of participation in bidding in Ukraine, especially in part of implementation of innovative products and services during the building or reconstruction of the bridges.

The article is dedicated to the issue of adequacy of financial resources for structural changes in the context of market transformation of Ukraine’s economy. It was determined that formal character and uncompleted market reforms in most cases had resulted a strong motivational environment to reduce the domestic development potential and the spread of the shadow economy. The decisive factor in the implementation of the relevant changes was the use of cheap labor, which allowed maintaining a high level of employment, but at the cost of falling efficiency and profitability of production. The GDP cut by almost half but unemployment rate achieved 2%, and not only the labor force but also the enterprises that were privatized depreciated. The funds raised from their sale served as an additional, but very limited, source of public finance. The objects of privatization were depreciated enterprises, the funds from which served as an additional, but very limited, source to public finance. Their permanent deficit with falling GDP required a stronger tax component to offset rising government spending. The article presents the consequences of using a deficit model of the economy financing, in particular: falling GDP, including GDP per capita, the formation of a large power of the self-employed population, a significant spread of the shadow economy and the associated large stratification, development of inflationary processes, strengthening of tax pressure on legal business, deteriorating technical and technological condition of enterprises, lack of investment resources in their renewal, a significant amount of non-performing loans, which limits the motivation to invest as well as essential accumulation of debts. The proposals are made to change the model of economy financing via the transition to domestic sources of expanding effective demand, which stimulates increased productivity through innovation and investment. The implementation of this model involves a consistent increase in the cost of labor, consistent with the reduction of the tax burden, strengthening incentives to reduce costs and increase efficiency and provides expanded investment based on increasing domestic demand.

The article explores the activities of digital platforms in the modern era of digital transformation. The proliferation of the platform type of economic relations is an objective process related to the digital and technological transformations in the modern world. This form provides the best competitive advantage for the platform customers as a result of receiving a "network" effect, which increases the value of the platform as its quantitative indicators increase. Platforms have been identified to generate both positive effects and increased risks associated with anticompetitive behavior due to the emergence of new forces with powerful market power. In addition, platforms can contribute to erosion of the tax base, increasing all kinds of discrimination and inequality. In Ukraine, as an open economy, the proliferation of new forms of economic relations organization creates a significant potential for productivity gains due to the wide potential for reducing transaction costs for economic relations entities and increasing their competitiveness both domestically and internationally. The article proposes to support the reorganization of socio-economic relations related to the proliferation of platforms on the basis of changes in antitrust, labor and tax law.

No abstract