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The oligometastatic status in the prostate is a new entity of metastatic patients in which their treatment allows to improve survival over standard treatments. There are several theories about their biological origin, one of them being alterations in the expression of miRNas This. was a retrospective multicentre study undertaken in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer who were diagnosed and treated at one of 7 different Spanish healthcare centres. METHODS: The study included 22 patients; healthy and primary tumour biopsy tissue was analysed in 7+2 of them in order to determine if they had a characteristic microRNA expression profile. We quantified the expression of the following miRNAs: mir-200a, mir-200b, mir-200c, mir-210, mir-95, mir-96, mir-654-3p, mir-543-3p, mir-21, mir-16-5p, mir-191-5p, and mir-93-5p, with the latter three being endogenous-expression controls. RESULTS: Our results show that miRNA95, and to a lesser extent, miRNA654-3p, were significantly underexpressed (or their expression was suppressed) in tumour tissue samples compared to normal perilesional tissue in all our patients; miRNA95 was underexpressed in 67% of the patients in our sample However, we detected no relationship between miRNA95 expression and the Gleason scores obtained for our patients. CONCLUSIONS: The simple size in our series are limited, but they do allow us to infer that there could be a specific miRNA expression signature in oligometastatic patients with prostate cancer, which may be of great interest in the development of future clinical trials and subsequent studies.

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