Autologous buccal mucosa alone or combined with bladder mucosa was used as a free graft for urethral reconstruction in 8 patients with hypospadias. Of these patients 3 with medium penile hypospadias and chordee received a buccal mucosa graft alone and 5 with severe hypospadias received a combined buccal/bladder mucosa graft. Followup at 6 to 18 months showed no complications apart from a fistula in 1 patient with a buccal mucosa graft alone. Our initial results are encouraging. Buccal mucosa seems to be a good material for hypospadias repair.

The presence of IHBC in BA livers at the diagnosis was associated with resolution of cholestasis, although was not predictive of short-term survival with native liver. Scanning electron microscopy represents a powerful new tool to study routine liver biopsies in biliary disorders. Cilia dysfunction in BA pathogenesis and/or disease progression warrants further investigation.

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Buccal mucosa is an excellent source of graft material for urethral replacement in complex urethroplasties as primary surgery. It is readily available, elastic, resistant and technically easy to harvest.