Many studies carried out on the evolution of the standard of living have shown that it is advisable to use several indicators as there is no single indicator that reflects all of the dimensions of well-being or that does so without incurring value judgements. Following this line of research, this study examines the well-being of the workers of Alcoy during the industrialisation process using four indicators: real wages, nutrition, life expectancy and height. As happened in other European industrialized regions some decades before, between 1870 and the end of the nineteenth century we can observe a "puzzle" as two indicators point to an increase in the standard of living and the other two reveal the opposite. The "puzzle" later disappears because from the beginning of the twentieth century to 1930 the four indicators show that well-being increased.
El artículo tiene un primer apartado donde se define y analiza el término urban penalty. La segunda parte ofrece información que demuestra que Linares sufrió “castigo urbano” tanto en sobremortalidad como en estatura. El tercer apartado está dedicado a la reforma sanitaria de la ciudad iniciada a principios de la década de 1890 y a sus efectos sobre la mortalidad. El artículo termina destacando que la urban penalty de Linares fue menos grave que la de una ciudad “gemela” (La Unión), pero más grave y persistente que la de la zona minero – metalúrgica de la ría de Bilbao.
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