The results of this study highlight the value of the multidimensional approach. The specific patterns of results for mothers and fathers contribute to comprehension of the psychological adaptation of parents. Findings could be taken into account in interventions with families.
Ángel Rivière desarrolló una larga y profunda labor profesional en el campo del diagnóstico de los trastornos generalizados del desarrollo. Sus informes de evaluación diagnóstica o de revisión periódica de la evolución constituyen documentos únicos e imprescindibles para tener una perspectiva completa de su obra. En ellos se plasman los distintos caminos desviados que se pueden presentar en la psicogénesis de los procesos de constitución subjetiva, convirtiéndolos en lecciones "personalizadas" de psicopatología evolutiva y diferencial, donde, partiendo de la descripción de los síntomas, se sumerge en un dibujo agudo y profundo de procesos y mecanismos psicológicos que le llevan a considerar la lógica diferente que dirige el desarrollo de "un niño con autismo". Este proceso siempre se realiza de manera absolutamente única en cada individuo y sus informes tienen como objetivo final fomentar el desarrollo sobre la base de una comprensión profunda. El guión del proceso de valoración se manifiesta en la propia estructura narrativa de los informes, que adquiere formas distintas en individuos distintos y ofrece una valoración diagnóstica clara, precisa y conforme a criterios vigentes (como el DSM-IV o el ICD-10), pero no constreñida por ellos, ofreciendo orientaciones ajustadas, concretas y de gran utilidad para ayudar a los profesionales de atención directa y a las familias.
This article presents a brief analysis of Angel Rivière's relationship with the families of people with autism: in his professional practice in the diagnostic and advisory processes, his contribution to the understanding of the impact of autism on the family, his important role as a bridge between scientific research and clinical practice, and his support for the parents' associative movements. This reflection is complemented by the presentation of subsequent advances in the evolution of intervention models towards familycentred practices and research on family adaptation processes. Some of the more relevant keys of these advances were already pointed out by Ángel Rivière, which is made explicit by including in the article fragments selected from his writings.
RESUMENEste artículo presenta un breve análisis de la relación de Ángel Rivière con las familias de las personas con autismo: en su ejercicio profesional en los procesos de diagnóstico y asesoramiento, su contribución a la comprensión del impacto del autismo en la familia, su importante papel de enlace entre la investigación científica y la práctica clínica, y su apoyo a los movimientos asociativos de padres. Esta reflexión se complementa con la presentación de avances posteriores en la evolución de los modelos de intervención hacia las prácticas centradas en la familia y la investigación sobre los procesos de adaptación familiar. Algunas de las claves más relevantes de estos avances se apuntaban ya en la obra de Ángel Rivière, lo que se hace explícito a través de la integración en el discurso de una selección de fragmentos de sus escritos.
Introduction: WD is an autonomic recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7Bgene, characterized by dramatic of hepatic accummulations of hepatic copper, with subsequent hepatic and neurologic abnormalities. Electron mycroscopy has been decisive for Wilson's disease precocious diagnosis. Three stages have been morphologically identified depending on mitochondrial and lisosomal damage. Wilson's disease early diagnosis is very important because it enables the application of an adequate therapy and avoids fatal outcomes. Objective: To study the fine structure of WD hepatic tissue in order to improve the morfologic criteria for early diagnosis. Materials and methods: Samples of hepatic biopsies from 18 adult patients (males and females) clinically suspicious of WD were studied. Biopsies were obtained by laparoscopy and divided into three fragments: for optical and electron microscopy and for tissue determination of copper. Results: In all cases the liver copper content was increased and WD was confirmed clinically. At optical microscope 10 out of the 18 cases showed morphological alterations compatible with WD; 6 of them showed ultrastructural features typical of WD. The other 8 (of the 18) were diagnosed as normal under the optical microscope, but 6 of them presented outstanding mitochondrial alterations, among them the three typical kinds of intramitochondrial inclusions. The latter was determinant for the early diagnosis of WD. Conclusions: Electron microscopy is highly valuable for Wilson's disease early diagnosis, especially for those patients whose biopsies do not show histologic alterations visible at the optical microscope.
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