Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic metabolic disease which disease afflicting at present now afflicts approximately 4% of world population worldwide. Nowadays, the need for more potent and safe drugs to supply the present anti-diabetic and treated drugs has become an imperative. Astragalus membranaceus, the most common Chinese herb and key-component of many Chinese herbal anti-diabetic formulas, is rich in anti-diabetic compounds: polysaccharides (APS), saponins (ASS), and flavonoids (ASF) etc. Because of its various biological activities, especially its antidiabetic properties, that continuously arouse different studies. Recent studies focused on type 1 and type 2 treatment, respectively caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance and deficient glucose metabolism. Its total polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids fractions and several isolated compounds have been the most studied. This paper discusses diabetic treatment and pharmacological action of the biological ingredients in relation to diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.

Results indicated that a tear substitute should be administered to eyes of cats anesthetized with a medetomidine-ketamine combination from the time of anesthetic administration until at least 15 minutes after administration of atipamezole.

No abstract

No abstract

The recent advances in the nutrition of companion animals has resulted in a longer possible life-span for dogs and cats and an improvement in their quality of life. Numerous studies about geriatric animals show that an aging dog or cat requires a specific nutritional formulation that considers the metabolic changes associated with age. A correct diet plays an important role in the treatment of some chronic pathologies in aging animals, particularly those for which the aging process modifies the organ function. A correct diet can provide therapeutic support to the administration of drugs that can sometimes compromise organ function. In the present study, we identify key aspects of the clinical nutrition during chronic renal disorders of dogs and cats, diseases with an elevated incidence and a major cause of mortality in geriatric animals. The aim of nutritional treatment for dogs and cats affected by chronic renal disorders is to improve the quality and length of life, assuring an adequate amount of energy and slowing the progression of renal failure. To improve treatment efficacy it is necessary to prepare different dietary rations during the various stages of disease, on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory data.