Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a cluster of wireless mobile gadgets that creates a temporary network without seeking support from any infrastructure or central management. Energy consumption should be considered as one of the foremost vital limitations in MANETs because the mobile nodes do not possess a constant power supply and its shortage will minimize the network's lifetime. MANETs get energy from the batteries which get exhausted very quickly because of issues like node mobility, computation power, frequent data retransmissions needed in wireless communication, etc. Secondly, there is a data packet loss caused by different reasons such as traffic congestion or random loss as a result of nodes mobility or noise. This data loss, in turn, would delay packets delivery degrading data transmission in real-time applications. This paper provides management for this combination of major problems in MANETs. We present a new fitness function (FFn) used in the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain the optimized route from those routes offered by the Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol. Accordingly, we propose a routing protocol titled as AOMDV with FFn (AOMDV-FFn). We also integrate the AOMDV mechanism with the genetic algorithm (AOMDV-GA). These protocols provide an optimization process to select the efficient routes that have the highest fitness values implementing the shortest route, maximum residual energy, and less data traffic even if a random loss of data packets happens. In this regard, we introduce a mechanism where the TCP Congestion Control Enhancement for Random Loss (TCP CERL) can be utilized in the FFn to optimize the efficient route. The performance of the proposed mechanisms is compared with other preferred protocols proposed in this area. INDEX TERMS congestion control, energy-efficient protocol, fitness function, genetic algorithm, mobile ad hoc network, multipath routing, shortest distance.

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