The creation of a single competitive EU energy market is aimed at establishing a fair price in the integrated market space. However, electricity markets in European countries remain rather fragmented, and the marginal pricing method, which is the basic one used in the market, conditions a persistent price dispersion in the search for market equilibrium. This study examines the dispersion of electricity prices in 40 bidding zones in 26 European countries by means of quartile analysis. The geographic orientation of the markets, direction of electricity flows, and structure of electricity generation are considered as the causes of this dispersion. In the study, the geographical boundaries of the electricity markets are determined using the methods of correlation analysis of prices and transitive closure of commercial electricity flows. This makes it possible to single out highly integrated, moderately integrated, poorly integrated, and non-integrated markets. Using cluster analysis, electricity markets are classified according to the structure of electricity generation and direction of flows, with the identification of five clusters based on the dominant type of generation and three clusters based on the dominant direction of electricity supply. For each factor under investigation, the intragroup price dispersion is established. The results of the study have allowed to build a three-dimensional matrix that provides for determining the directions of changes in electricity prices when moving between its quadrants.

Ensuring the sustainability of the European power system is one of the key priorities in the implementation of the EU’s ambitious plans to become climate-neutral by 2050. The uniqueness of the power systems of the EU member states necessitates their assessment and comparison. The article offers a composite indicator, namely, the power system sustainability index (PSS index), to assess the current level of the development of the power systems via three dimensions (social, economic, and environmental) and eight local indicators: the household electricity consumption per capita; the commercial electricity consumption per GDP; the external dependency of the power system; the energy efficiency of the generation; the capacity utilization factor; the share of organic fossil fuels; the share of renewable energy resources; and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of primary energy source. The “energy mix” is defined as the key impact factor, which has a contradictory effect on the local power system sustainability (LPSS) indicators, which can be represented as a set of regression models. The data of the regression analysis can be used for performing a multiobjective optimization by the local indicators, and they can determine the vectors of change required to ensure the sustainability of the power system. The research results prove that it is possible to minimize the GHG emissions per unit of primary energy source and maximize the energy efficiency of generation, while reducing the capacity utilization and increasing the external dependency of the power system.

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Viral diseases of bees, in particular the sac brood, are an urgent problem of the industry, which brings great losses. The situation worsens in the case of parallel infestation of insects by the Varroa mite. Today, a complex approach is used for the treatment of viral diseases of bees, which is based on a connection of antiviral and antiparasitic measures in combination with drugs that have general strengthening and biostimulating effects. Nevertheless, the issue of developing ecologically safe and effective schemes for the prevention and treatment of bee diseases, in particular viral ones, is relevant today. In this work, the positive effect of using a specific probiotic for bees “Apinormin” for sac brood was investigated. Research in laboratory conditions was carried out on bees of the summer generation, selected into cages. The oral effect of the drug was determined by feeding bees with sugar syrup, the contact effect by spraying the body of insects with an aqueous solution in concentrations of 0.4; 0.8; 4.0; 8.0 %. Under natural conditions, the therapeutic effectiveness of a 4 % solution of “Apinormin” compared to the creation of an infertile period for the period of removal of queens for bee sac brood was determined. In laboratory conditions, the drug was proven to be harmless for bees when used orally in all tested concentrations. It has been established that “Apinormin” significantly increases the life expectancy of insects. Thus, feeding an 8 % probiotic solution slowed down the process of natural dying of bees from 7.24 to 27.75 % in the dynamics of observations. Under natural conditions, the drug did not show an antiviral effect. The effectiveness of the infertile period in the treatment of this viral disease is shown. The obtained positive effect of “Apinormin” on the life extension of bees and the presence of a number of biologically active compounds in its composition serve as a basis for the use of the drug to increase the strength and productivity of families, in case of stress, protein starvation, various technological violations of maintenance and the development of schemes for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases of bees. The expediency of using the infertile period for the period of removal of the queens in the following studies, both for self-administration and for working out the schemes of complex therapy of infectious diseases of bees together with the appropriate veterinary drugs, is substantiated.

У статті досліджується механізм реалізації регуляторної політики економічної безпеки аграрно-го виробництва, головною метою якого є гарантування його стабільного й максимально ефективногофункціонування в сучасних умовах та високого потенціалу інноваційного розвитку в довгостроковійперспективі та обґрунтовано головні положення функціонування даного механізму. Визначено системузаходів, що забезпечуватимуть реалізації регуляторної політики економічної безпеки аграрного виро-бництва. Досліджено соціальну складову економічної безпеки аграрного виробництва та механізм їїфункціонування. Також визначено заходи, щодо запобігання подальшому поглибленню руйнівних со-ціальних процесів в аграрному секторі та обґрунтовано основні напрями формування соціальної ін-фраструктури. Формування ринку сучасної матеріально-технічної бази сільськогосподарського вироб-ництва передбачає активний розвиток постачальницько-збутової мережі матеріально-технічних ресу-рсів аграрного виробництв. В зв’язку з цим важливого значення набувають напрями подальшого тех-нічного переозброєння аграрних товаровиробників.