ABSTRACT The long-term use of insecticides causes resistance to targeted insects, so that a study of its resistance in Indonesia is needed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the resistance status of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates and pyrethroids in 102 districts in 2015 with reference to WHO standard bioassay test. Sampling and testing of Ae. Aegypti  larvae from 100 houses were carried out from three area of each health center. Test results on 0.8% malathion revealed that 84% districts were resistant, 13% districts were tolerant, and 3% districts were vulnerable. The test results for temephos of 0.02% also found that 49% districts were resistant, 29% districts were tolerant and 22% districts were vulnerable. While for 0.05% cypermethrin insecticide test; 98% were resistant, and 1% was tolerant. The test on 0.025% alpha cypermethrin found that 40% were resistant, 51% were tolerant and 9% were vulnerable. Test on 0.025% deltamethrin found that  65% were resistant, 22% districts were tolerant and 14% districts were vulnerable. With the high resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid groups, it is recommended to rearrange the application  of insecticide types in each region cyclically. Keywords: Insecticides,  resistance, organophosphates, pyrethroid, Aedes aegypti   ABSTRAK Penggunaan insektisida dalam jangka waktu lama menyebabkan resistensi terhadap serangga sasaran, sehingga diperlukan uji status kerentanan Ae.aegypti di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian  adalah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang.  Pengambilan  sampel uji (jentik Ae. aegypti) dilakukan di 102 Kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada 100  rumah di setiap tiga wilayah kerja puskesmas. Metode uji kerentanan menggunakan bioassay test standar WHO. Hasil uji terhadap  malathion 0,8% mendapatkan  86 (84%) kabupaten telah resisten,  13 kabupaten (13%) toleran dan 3 (3%) kabupaten  rentan. Hasil uji  terhadap  temephos 0,02% menunjukkan 50 (49%) kabupaten resisten, 30 (29%) kabupaten toleran dan 22 (22%) kabupaten rentan. Hasil uji insektisida sipermetrin 0,05%, sebanyak  100 (98%) kabupaten  resisten,  dan 1 (1%) kabupaten toleran. Hasil uji terhadap alfa sipermetrin 0,025%,  sebanyak 18 kabupaten (40%)   resisten,  23 (51%)  kabupaten toleran dan 4 (9%) kabupaten berstatus rentan. Hasil uji terhadap deltametrin 0,025% sebanyak 66 (65%) kabupaten  resisten, 22 (22%) kabupaten toleran dan 14 (14%) kabupaten rentan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah terjadi resistensi terhadap insektisida golongan organofosfat dan piretroid. Disarankan untuk  mengganti kedua jenis insektisida tersebut di setiap wilayah yang teridentifikasi resitensi tinggi. Kata kunci: Insektisida, resitensi, organofosfat, piretroid, aedes aegypti

Nahdlatul Ulama is the only major political party representing Muslims in national politics during the implementation of guided democracy. NU's accommodative and flexible political practices have made Nahdlatul Ulama able to live and continue to survive in difficult times. This is inseparable from NU's religious political strategy, which is its guideline. The theological basis based on the theory of fiqh and ushul fiqh can be seen in NU's acceptance of the guided democracy concept. This paper aims to reveal NU's theological foundation in accepting the concept of guided democracy. Data was collected through the study of texts and manuscripts and literature studies. The data analysis technique uses hermeneutic theory to capture symbols in the form of texts originating from Islamic law, namely fiqh, and ushul fiqh, as the basis and foundation of NU accepting guided democracy. The results showed that there were several theories of fiqh and ushul fiqh used by NU, including the concepts of maslahah and mudarat, dar’ul mafasid muqoddamun ala jalbil mashalih, amar ma’ruf nahyil mungkar, ma la yudraku kulluh la yutraku kulluh, al-muhafadthu ala qodim al-shahih wa al-akhdzu bi al-jadid al-ashlah, and the concept of syuro presented by KH Idham Chalid.

Sistem pencatatan sipil dan statistik hayati yang baik menjadi dasar untuk perencanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi program pembangunan. Para pengambil keputusan dan kebijakan sangat tergantung pada data statistik yang tepat waktu, lengkap dan metode yang dapat diandalkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan rapid assesment yang bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi cepat terhadap kekuatan dan kelemahan sistem pencatatan kelahiran, kematian dan penyebab kematian yang ada saat ini. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode diskusi dan konfirmasi informasi. Kuesioner rapid assessment berasal dari WHO yang berisi 25 pertanyaan. Tempat penelitian dipilih secara purposive yaitu Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Kota Makassar, Kabupaten Kudus. Penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Agustus 2019. Total score rapid assessment Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Kudus berturut-turut adalah 42,67%, 49,33%, 57,33%. Total score di 3 daerah penelitian berada dalam 1 rentang nilai yang sama yaitu 34–64%. Rentang nilai ini mengindikasikan bahwa banyak aspek dari sistem tidak berfungsi dengan baik, dan banyak masalah membutuhkan perhatian. Tiga daerah pene-litian mempunyai kekurangan yang berbeda-beda sehingga perlu strategi yang berbeda-beda tergantung dari karakteristiknya dan memerlukan kolaborasi lintas sektor.

The study is aimed at determining and analyzing the community participation in paying the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax in Mekarmukti, Cisaga District, Ciamis Regency. To achieve the objective, the study employed qualitative method in which the sample was drawn using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through observation and interviews. The results showed that the level of community participation in paying the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) reached an average of 80% per year. Viewed from the leadership aspect, the Head of Mekarmukti village has made an attempt to increase the community participation by issuing a Decree of the Village Head concerning the Formation of the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax Team (PBB-P2). Meanwhile, in terms of communication aspect, what has been done was carrying out socialization to the local community, providing good service and giving awards. In regard to the education aspect, it was found that the level of education does not affect community participation in paying the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2). What needs to be emphasized is the awareness of the taxpayer in fulfilling his obligations as a good citizen.