The wide application of microalgae in the field of wastewater treatment and bioenergy source has improved research studies in the past years. Microalgae represent a good source of biomass and bio-products which are used in different medical and industrial activities, among them the production of high-valued products and biofuels. The present review focused on greywater treatment through the application of phycoremediation technique with microalgae and presented recent advances in technologies used for harvesting the microalgae biomass. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. The microbiological aspects of production, harvesting and utilization of microalgae biomass are viewed.

The release of domestic greywater from various sources can cause contamination of water bodies. In this study, a pretreatment system and mini wetland were constructed at village dwelling for greywater treatment. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the greywater loading characteristics, provide appropriate on site mini wetland and to measure the effectiveness of the wetland treatment system. The greywater samples were collected from the effluent of single house, at influent, pre-treatment model (particle material), mini wetland model (plant tube sedge Lepironia Articulata), and control model (without plant) at two sampling period. The mini wetland model shows high removal performance of 81.42 % BOD, 84.57 % COD, 39.83 % AN, 54.70 % SS, and 45.01 % turbidity. Generally, the results show that the constructed mini wetland was effective to remove contaminants and suitable for treatment of greywater sources. In view of future application, further explorations should consider other aquatic plants and disinfection system to achieve more efficient treatment.

Discharge of household greywater into water bodies can lead to an increase in contamination levels in terms of the reduction in dissolved oxygen resources and rapid bacterial growth. Therefore, the quality of greywater has to be improved before the disposal process. The present review aimed to present a hybrid treatment system for the greywater generated from households. The hybrid system comprised a primary stage (a natural filtration unit) with a bioreactor system as the secondary treatment combined with microalgae for greywater treatment, as well as the natural flocculation process. The review discussed the efficiency of each stage in the removal of elements and nutrients. The hybrid system reviewed here represented an effective solution for the remediation of household greywater.

Abstract:Laundry wastewater has simple characteristics in which the detergents compounds are the main constitutes. But these compounds have adverse effects on the aquatic organisms in the natural water bodies which received these wastes without treatment. Few studies were conducted on these wastes because it represent a small part of the total wastewater generated from different human activities. Moreover, the coagulation process for laundry wastewater might be effective to remove of detergents compounds. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of coagulation process by using chemical (ferrous sulphate) and natural coagulants (Moringa oleifera seeds) were investigated. The raw laundry wastewater samples were collected from laundromat located at Taman Universiti, Parit Raja. The characteristics of these wastes were determined and then the wastewater was subjected for the treatment process consisted of three units including aeration, coagulation and sedimentation process. The chemical and natural coagulants were used with four dosage (30, 60, 90 and 120 mg L -1 ) and the coagulation process was carried out at room temperature (25±2ºC) for one hour. The results revealed that the laundry wastewater have high concentrations of turbidity (57.8-68.1 NTU) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (423-450 mg L -1 ) with pH value between 7.96 and 8.37. M. oleifera seeds exhibited high efficiency for removal of turbidity (83.63%) with 120 mg L -1 of dosage, while 30 mg L -1 of FeSO 4 was the best for removal of COD (54.18%). However, both parameters still more than Standard B for wastewater disposal suggesting the need to increase the period of coagulation process with M. oleifera seeds or to subject of the treated effluents for a secondary coagulation process with natural coagulant products to improve the characteristics of laundry wastewater without a secondary products as that generated with the chemical coagulants.

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