INTRODUCTIONOver the past 5 years, the number of Americans practicing meditation has more than tripled, rising from 4% of adults in 2010 to 14% in 2017. 1 This rise is likely related to the increasing focus on preventive and integrative approaches to healthcare in the United States, such as meditation, whih is often used to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and pain in conjunction with improving health and well-being. 2 While many different meditative practices exist, mindfulness meditation emphasizes nonjudgmental awareness of the present moment. Although substantial research supports mindfulness-related improvements in patient-reported mental and physical health, 3 the replication crisis in social science and medicine, alongside numerous methodological concerns about extant mindfulness studies, 4 invites questions regarding the generalizability of research on the reported health-promoting effects of mindfulness meditation and mindfulness as an innate, dispositional quality (trait mindfulness). Moreover, as much of mindfulness research over-samples middle-to-upper class, Caucasian, women, 5 the extent to which results generalize to a broader, more diverse population is unclear. One possible reason for this overrepresentation could be that this population has the time and/or finances to participate in mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) from which researchers draw samples. In 2001, Dr. Pamela Hays published Addressing Cultural Complexities in Practice, 6 introducing the ADDRESSING framework as a guide to help clinicians better identify and understand the relevant cultural identities of their clients. According to Dr. Hays, the facets of identity include: Age, Developmental and 10 Chin et al.: Addressing Diversity in Mindfulness Research on Health Published by Rowan Digital Works, 2019acquired Disabilities, Religion, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic status, Sexual orientation, Indigenous heritage, National origin, and Gender. This framework allows room for intersectionality between identity facets and does not inherently exclude non-minority individuals. As such, the ADDRESSING framework, with its attention to multiple aspects of identity, provides an effective structure for organizing research published on different populations and identifying 1) which populations are represented and underrepresented in various categories and 2) what is known about underrepresented groups in research. The main purpose of this review, therefore, was to use the ADDRESSING framework to highlight mindfulness research conducted on historically underrepresented groups as both a method to summarize what has been done and to point out gaps for future research. METHODS Wesearched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science through September 2018 using the following combination of keywords: (diverse OR age OR disability OR race OR ethnicity OR Black OR White OR Latino OR Hispanic OR Asian OR gender OR transgender OR sexual orientation OR lesbian OR gay ORLGBT or LGB OR homosexual OR bisexual OR asexual OR socio-economic status OR SES OR low-income...