Two different coatings were developed from Corn Starch (CSME) and Carboxymethylcellulose (CMCME) and their effects were investigated on the quality and storability of orange fruits. The two experimental coatings were: CSME and CMCME both mixed with 75mg/ml of crude extract of Moringa Oleifera. The following parameters were measured: Weight loss, ascorbic acid content and firmness. Four hundred and eighty (480) orange fruits were stored for seven weeks at ambient temperature. The overall result showed that polysaccharides coating from (CSME) and (CMCME) on orange fruits when compared to untreated in the following order: (CSME) > (CMCME) >Control in extending its shelf life.

The importance of utilizing oilseeds as complementary nutrient sources for human consumption has received considerable attention in recent years. There exists wide varieties of oil crops including sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.), which are reported in literature to be rich in oil and nutrients; however, the presence of anti nutritional factors limits its uses. Processing grain using fermentation results in enhanced nutrition, stabilization of original raw materials, and detoxification of anti nutritional factors. There was lack of adequate traditional fermentation containers hence the need for use of some modern containers. This work, therefore, studied the effects of using banana leaf and plastic (high density polyethylene) bowl as containers for fermentation on the nutrients and anti nutritional factors of sesame seed. Samples were fermented separately using banana leaf and plastic bowl for seven days at temperature of 35 ± 2°C. Samples were drawn at intervals during fermentation to determine proximate composition, elemental concentrations and anti-nutritional factors concentrations using standard procedures. The pH decreased in the first 5 days and then increased as fermentation progressed coupled with a consistent rise in titratable acidity. Proximate analysis showed an increase in ash and crude fat contents with corresponding decrease in the carbohydrate and protein contents during fermentation. Protein ranged between 15.25% and 15.37% in banana leaf and plastic bowl respectively, compared to raw seed (26.20%). Fat increased from 51.02% in raw sesame to 60.20% and 59.33% in banana leaf and plastic bowl, respectively. However, fermented samples obtained from the plastic bowl had higher vitamin (thiamine and riboflavin) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, selenium, zinc and manganese) in comparison to samples fermented in banana leaf. Fermentation in banana leaf and plastic bowl significantly reduced oxalate content of raw sesame by 35.40% and 29.12% respectively. In addition, phytate content was significantly reduced by 36.37% and 34.43% respectively. The present study showed that fermentation container had significant effect on nutritional composition during the fermentation of sesame seed.

No abstract

Objectives: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally in most developed and developing countries and Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (Gliptins) are recently introduced class of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus which shows good glycemic control. It is a prospective interventional pilot study aimed to determine the efficacy of add-on vildagliptin therapy to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for a period of 6 months in south Indian resource limited settings. MethOds: A total of 185 patients were enrolled into the study. The study subjects were assigned into three groups based on their existing treatment (initiated within one month) i.e., group I (vildagliptin and metformin), group II (vildagliptin alone) and group III (metformin alone). They were also assessed for baseline demographic characteristics. Medication adherence was measured to ensure that patients are complies with the treatment. The clinical endpoint was estimated by using various variables like quality of life and other clinical endpoints such as RBS, PPBS after three months of specific treatment through direct interview and by referring the medical case records. Results: The results show that there is no significant difference in individual groups in terms of demographic characteristics. (P > 0.01). And all the present study subjects are found to have more than 90 % of medication adherence. We observed high level of significant improvement in group I (93.18±3.76) subjects whereas low level of improvement in group III subjects (90.4±4.13) after the relevant treatment (P = 0.003). Group I subjects are also found to have good glycaemic control (RBS, FBS and PPBS) than any other treatment groups P< 0.01). cOnclusiOns: Add on vildagliptin therapy to metformin might improve the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and might be useful to bring the glycemic levels under control in type 2 diabetic patients in South Indian resource limited settings.Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of different blood glucose determination methods, and provide a theoretical basis for governments to determine the mainstream glucose detection methods. MethOds: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM REVIEWS, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, Google academic search et al were were retrieved for literatures collection, literature quality evaluation was implemented by using QUADAS criteria, meta-analysis was carried out using Stata11.0 and heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis was implemented. Results: 20 studies were included, which contained a total of 2681 cases of patients. Meta analysis showed that values measured by the dry chemical method were significantly higher than glucose oxidase method, and no significant differences was found with the hexokinase method, no significant differences was yet found between the electrode method with enzyme method, the MD (95%CI) were 0.31 (0.09, 0.53), -0.51 (-0.14, 1.17) and -0.13, (-0.27, 0.02) respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the model, the sample source, research population, equipment and countries was carrie...

Nigeria is among the nations of the world with the highest number of people practising Open Defecation. This study among others assessed the level of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) in the selected triggered communities and focused on the rationale for the reversion of CLTS programme implemented in some of some rural communities with poor sanitation coverage in Ejigbo Local Government Area of Osun state, Nigeria, with the technical and financial support of donor agencies. The qualitative, semi-structured questionnaires were administered in 296 households in 41 selected communities. Spatial positioning of communities and water points coordinates were collected through the use of a hand-held Global Positioning System-GPS model etrex 10 GARMIN to produce a digital map through the Arc view Geographical Information System software. Two batches of CLTS were conducted in the Local Government Area across 182 communities in 2006 and 2012 with and without subsidy. Communities were triggered and declared open defecation free while some were certified ODF. The majority (75.7%) of the respondents reverted to OD as a result of caved-in of pit latrine due to the use of log of wood, Original Research Article