National and international policies have promoted quinoa consumption, influencing the expansion of the crop, and generating changes in land use. In this article, we analyzed the evolution of quinoa cultivation in Peru both at the national and departmental levels. Time series analysis vas used to. Between 1951 and 2019, the evolution of the quinoa-harvested areas in Peru has gone through various stages, first in regression until 1990, and then it has experienced a growth rate of 10%. Puno is still by far the department where the crop is most widespread. Taking into account the geographical and technological conditions, this highland area is less likely to maintain the rate of expansion than the Peruvian coast, which will imply great challenges for Andean farmers who have maintained the traditional crop throughout the period.
ResumenEn los últimos años, la consideración del grano de quinua como superalimento ha generado un interés creciente por su consumo, que se ha traducido en un incremento notable de su demanda, dando lugar a la necesidad de aumentar la oferta con la introducción de su cultivo en regiones y países no tradicionales al mismo tiempo que se producía una expansión dentro de las zonas originaras del cultivo. De ser un cultivo básico de autoconsumo en la agricultura tradicional andina, ha pasado a ser un producto de exportación, provocando un cambio en la estrategia productiva de las explotaciones agrarias de la zona en la que el cultivo era habitual. A través de una encuesta a los agricultores de Anta -Cusco, se pretende analizar los cambios que ha supuesto el auge de quinoa sobre los sistemas tradicionales de producción en la Sierra peruana. En este trabajo presentamos los primeros resultados en algunos aspectos socioeconómicos y tecnológicos. El nuevo entorno respecto al cultivo de la quinua supone grandes retos a los productores andinos, sobre todo si el Perú pretende prolongar su posicionamiento como primer productor y exportador de quinua en el mundo.
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