Background Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. Most epidemiological data are limited to cohorts from Europe and the USA, with few data from low-income and middle-income countries. We therefore aimed to describe the characteristics, severity of disease, microbiology, and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis in India. MethodsThe Indian bronchiectasis registry is a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Adult patients (≥18 years) with CT-confirmed bronchiectasis were enrolled from 31 centres across India. Patients with bronchiectasis due to cystic fibrosis or traction bronchiectasis associated with another respiratory disorder were excluded. Data were collected at baseline (recruitment) with follow-up visits taking place once per year. Comprehensive clinical data were collected through the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration registry platform. Underlying aetiology of bronchiectasis, as well as treatment and risk factors for bronchiectasis were analysed in the Indian bronchiectasis registry. Comparisons of demographics were made with published European and US registries, and quality of care was benchmarked against the 2017 European Respiratory Society guidelines.

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Increased oxidative stress and lymphocyte apoptosis are a hallmark of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the association between oxidative stress and T lymphocytes apoptosis has still to be elucidated in SLE. In order to appraise the interaction between oxidative stress and T lymphocyte apoptosis with the severity of disease, oxidative stress profile and T lymphocytes apoptosis were studied. Increased levels of ROS, MDA and CD4(+) lymphocyte apoptosis were positively associated with disease activity while decreased levels of GSH and percentage expression of CD4(+) lymphocyte were negatively associated with disease activity. The decrease in intracellular levels of GSH was negatively associated with T lymphocyte, CD4(+) lymphocyte, CD8(+) lymphocyte apoptosis and intracellular caspase-3 expression. The present study suggests that increased T lymphocyte sub-sets apoptosis may be mediated by decreased intracellular glutathione concentration and severity of disease might be enhanced together by over-production of ROS in SLE.