No abstract

Background: The calcaneus is a weight bearing tarsal bone of the proximal row. Calcaneum has on its upper surface an articular facet for the talus and anterior end presents an articular facet for cuboid bone. Modification on cuboidal articular facet of calcaneum is evolutionary and is important aspect of human bipedal gait. Objectives: To study the morphometric measurements of cuboidal articular facets of calcaneus and classify the facets in to various categories and observe and note for variations. Material and Methods: Present sudy carried out with a 53 dry adult human calcanei, 32 bones of right side and 21 of left side of unknown sex from Department of Anatomy, M S Ramaiah Medical College were used for the study. Results: The cuboidal articular facet on calcaneus was grouped in to four types based on their shape. Wedge as type 1, transversely oval as type 2, irregular as type 3, vertically oval as type 4. Type 1 was the commonest with 54.7%, least was type 4 with 5.4%. Conclusion: A good knowledge of the joint surfaces and measurements would assist better treatment and management options for the calcaneal fractures and for further research efforts.

Introduction: Infections due to Gram-positive bacteria are on a rise, of which those due to Enterococcus spp. form a major part. The shifting pattern of infections caused by Enterococci from novel urinary tract infections to soft tissue and wound infections are increasingly reported. Objective: The aim of the present study is to isolate, speciate Enterococci, determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and to detect vancomycin resistance by E-test. Materials and Methods: All wound swabs, pus samples sent for bacterial culture, irrespective of the diagnosis of the patients which were received to the department of microbiology for a period of one year were included in the study. The samples were processed for isolation, identification and speciation of Enterococci. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Vancomycin resistance was determined by E-test. Results: A total of 3000 pus samples were received over a period of one year. Out of which 43 isolates were detected as Enterococcus species. Among 43 isolates, 26 were E.faecalis, 17 were E.faecium. In present study, ampicillin resistance was seen in 88% followed by resistance to erythromycin (86%) and clindamycin (72%). High level gentamycin resistance was seen in 28% cases. Vancomycin resistance was not detected in any of the samples. Conclusion:The shifting spectrum of infections due to Enterococcus is gaining inquisitiveness among health care workers especially in the trauma care units. Thus there is a prerequisite to isolate speciate and determine the resistance that helps in holistic health care.