Objectives: To explore the attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed the attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents' demographic information about pharmacist's perception of home healthcare pharmacy services, barriers, which factors may discourage the implementation of home care pharmacy services, and recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of home healthcare pharmacy services. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald's ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann's λ2, and Gutmann's λ6 were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 393 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than three-quarters responded from the Central region (303 (77.10%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded less than females (195 (49.74%)) versus 197 (50.26%%)), with statistically non-significant differences between them (p=0.920). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-35 years (267 (67.94%)) and 36-45 years (121 (30.79%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about home healthcare pharmacy services was (4.33). The element "Electronic prescribing in home healthcare pharmacy has a positive outcome to patients" obtained the highest score (4.45). The aspect "The off-labeling system in home healthcare pharmacy should be implemented to protect the healthcare providers from any liability" (4.44). The responders who agreed that they should be authorized and responsible for providing home healthcare pharmacy services to the patient was a pharmacist (4.30), clinical pharmacist (4.27), and Pharmacy technician (4.26), with statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). The average score for "barriers might prevent home healthcare pharmacy services implementation" was (4.33). The score for the element "Fear of legal liability" was (4.52), the aspect "Limited number of pharmacists who are specialized in geriatric patients when needed "was (4.46), and the element "Unaware of the need and importance of home healthcare pharmacy services" was (4.46). Conclusion: The attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services are acceptable. All obstacles preventing home care pharmacy services should be removed. Standardized home care pharmacy services are highly recommended in S...

Objectives: To demonstrate the clinical pharmacy in home health care services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey discussing home care clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents' demographic information about the workforce's pharmacists, Pharmacotherapy classes utilization for home healthcare patients, and therapeutic guidelines implemented in Home Healthcare Pharmacy services. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald's ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann's λ2, and Gutmann's λ6 were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the home care clinical pharmacy practice is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 393 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than three-quarters responded from the Central region (303 (77.10%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded less than females (195 (49.74%)) versus 197 (50.26%%)), with statistically non-significant differences between them (p=0.920). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-35 years (267 (67.94%)) and 36-45 years (121 (30.79%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most responders stated that pharmacy home healthcare workforces were five or more clinical pharmacists (35.14-41.89%) and full-time pharmacy staff providing home health pharmacy services. Besides, five or more pharmacists (30.89-52.57%) and five or more pharmacy technicians (31.25-51.09%) with statistically significant differences between all workforce numbers (p=0.000). Most medications reviewed or dispensed for home healthcare patients include Nutrition support (4.50) and Vitamins and mineral supplements (4.49). They were followed by NSAIDs or Pain killers (4.46) and Antibiotics (4.45), with statistically significant differences between all answers (p=0.000). The average score of therapeutic guidelines implemented in Home healthcare Pharmacy services was (4.29). The element "The standard considerations of urology disease therapy guidelines" obtained the highest score (4.44). The element "The standard considerations of acute and chronic kidney disease therapy among geriatric patients" was (4.41), and the aspect "The concerns and management of Gastrointestinal therapeutic guidelines" was (4.38). Conclusion: Nutrition support and vitamin were most used as pharmacotherapy classes for home healthcare services. The urology and nephrology therapeutic guidelines were most implemented. Future research is needed to determine most home care clinical pharmacy services and identify the role of clinical practitioners in home health care services in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To illustrate the practice of home healthcare services by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed practice at home health care services in Saudi Arabia. The study comprised respondents' demographic information about pharmacists and home healthcare pharmacy services implementation and resources used for home healthcare pharmacy services. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald's ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann's λ2, and Gutmann's λ6, were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the practice home healthcare services by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 393 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than three-quarters responded from the Central region (303 (77.10%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded less than females (195 (49.74%)) versus 197 (50.26%%)), with statistically non-significant differences between them (p=0.920). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-35 years (267 (67.94%)) and 36-45 years (121 (30.79%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The average number of home healthcare prescriptions was (17.46) daily per responder, with a total number (6,861) per day. The highest range number of prescriptions was (26-30) ((33.93%) daily. Those prescriptions were dispensed to home healthcare (8.34) patients daily per each responder, with the highest range number of patients being (16-18) ((25.95%) daily per each responder. The average score of the practice of pharmacists about the home healthcare Pharmacy implementations was (4.45). The element "The medication error system is included in home healthcare pharmacy services" obtained the highest score (4.60). The pharmacists believe that "The research on home healthcare pharmacy services" (4.57) and "The cost analysis of home healthcare pharmacy services. The most used resources of the home healthcare pharmacy services in practice were Health Practitioners 265 (67.60%) and Drug Bulletin 246 (62.76%). They were followed by Internet 241 (61.48%), Scientific literature 212 (54.08%). Conclusion: The home care pharmacy practice by pharmacists is appropriate. Each pharmacist provides home care activities based on each type of healthcare organization. The vision, mission, and home care pharmacy strategy should be identified, and the home care pharmacist role must be unified at all healthcare institutions. Besides, further research about home care pharmacy practice is highly suggested in Saudi Arabia.