<span lang="MS">This paper presents a Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System (SHRES) as an alternative to fossil fuel based generators. The Photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines (WT) are designed for the Malaysian low wind speed conditions with battery Energy Storage (BES) to provide electric power to the load. The appropriate sizing of each component was accomplished using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) techniques. The optimized hybrid system was examined in MATLAB using two case studies to find the optimum number of PV panels, wind turbines system and BES that minimizes the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) and Cost of Energy (COE). The hybrid power system was connected to the AC bus to investigate the system performance in supplying a rural settlement. Real weather data at the location of interest was utilized in this paper. The results obtained from the two scenarios were used to compare the suitability of the NSGA-II and MOPSO methods. The NSGA-II method is shown to be more accurate whereas the MOPSO method is faster in executing the optimization. Hence, both these methods can be used for techno-economic optimization of SHRES. </span>

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The increase in the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) has reduced the effective inertia of the power system dominated by synchronous machines. The reduction in inertia has paved the way to the development of inertia emulation techniques, which complements the increased penetration of RES. The synchronverter technology is one among the virtual inertia emulation techniques which resembles close to the synchronous machine. The advancements in control and adaptations of synchronverter for various applications demand a comprehensive yet critical review. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to present a critical review of synchronverter technology which could increase the inertial response of RES. A critical analysis of modifications made to original synchronverter and the stability assessment techniques is presented. The effect of parameter variation on stability and dynamic performance is brought out as a decision matrix by analysing the movement of eigenvalues presented in various works. Towards the end, a synoptic overview is presented to depict the research trend and emphasize the domain which requires further attention. Furthermore, a brief discussion of the research gaps perceived during the phase of review is presented to leverage future research in the field.

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