Input-Output literature can be characterized as complicated and chaotic. The complications concern the nomenclature of concepts for the derived indices from the multipliers’ models, their mathematical expressions and computable applications. The terminologies’ inconsistencies often end up to a deviation between the description for these indices and their actual computation, or/and to a misunderstanding as for their usefulness and outcomes. The aim of the paper is to help the readers to face the weaknesses in the literature. In this way, the paper provide an overview with a critical look to the constructed multipliers’ matrices and their derived indicators from the I-O models, and elaborate the causes for the scrutinized confusions. The paper proposes both terminological and computational adjustments and differentiated approaches for the models and their indices, in order to ameliorate their capabilities and to exploit their peculiarities for the developmental patterns. Alternative interpretative ways and applicable expansions are suggested.

Sometimes, the priorities in the growing patterns create dubiousness, surprises and are proved unsuitable to re-form and redress the distortions of economy, magnifying them or even emerging news. When the external or the individual interferences are remained out of the planning, then the knowledge of why the various indices yield conflicting sectoral rankings can help the policy-makers to plan ameliorated strategies. In this paper a decomposition analysis for the components of conventional backward linkages’ (BLs’) indices and the corresponding type I multipliers (t.I-Ms’) has been taken place, in order to support the comparison and the comprehension of conflictions that are recorded on their derived sectoral rankings. For the empirical paradigm, data from the Greek economy have been used. The indicators’ appropriateness for the developmental planning has been scrutinized giving an emphasis on the model’s causality, the initial exogenous stimuli and the “intrasectoral initial trends for impacts’ generation”. The analysis provides a proof that the BL’s indices are strongly tendentious and the t.I-Ms’ are preferable for the medium-to-long run growing planning.

Because of its ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and membership of European Union, Greece has agreed to regulate its greenhouse gas emissions and improve the penetration of renewable energy sources in its energy mix. This study outlines the modifications made to the Greek legislative framework in connection with the liberalization of its energy market and the promotion of renewable energy. The capability of Greece to fulfil these obligations is not examined. However, more rational, complete and long-term energy planning would have to be adopted in future because the new EU targets require more punctuality, reliability, effort and effectiveness than the present system allows.

Problem statement:The revisions and the anticipated abolition of CAP will change the agricultural structure in member states of EU. Although the asparagus, without government interventions, from the decade of 90' has been transformed at one of more promising, in exports terms, cultivation for Greece, however under the existing circumstances it has a doubtful future. Approach: This research studied the diachronic evolution of competitiveness of white fresh Greek asparagus into the European context. A scheme of trade indices, based on post-trade and post-production data, had been estimated in respect of absence from the literature of a single generally accepted measure of competitiveness. Results: The results demonstrated that the Greek asparagus presents both a highly dependency of the German market and a penetration weakness into other markets, except from the Dutch one. The lack of Greek large retail chains with considerable geographic dispersion in West Europe contributes to trading problem. The feeble domestic consumption in Greece in combination with the enlargement of German production and the implied diminishing of its imports, cause restlessness for the future of cultivation and the producers' income in Greece. Conclusion: A long term trading pattern for bonds creation in foreign supply channels and the growth of domestic consumption in Greece are indispensable to support and expand the future prospects of Greek asparagus.

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