Abstract. Leptospirosis is zoonotic potentially epidemic with clinical manifestations from mild to severe and can cause death. The incidence of leptospirosis in Indonesia tends to increase by the year. The case fatality rate in Semarang was greater than the national's (9.38%). The purpose of this study was to describe the environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in Semarang spatially. The study design was descriptive observational with cross sectional approach. The population and samples in this study were confirmed leptospirosis in Semarang from January 2014 until May 2015, 88 respondents in 61 villages of 15 sub-districts in Semarang. The variables were environmental conditions, the presence of rats, wastewater disposal, waste disposal facilities, the presence of pets, the presence of rivers, flood's profile, tidal inundation profile, vegetation, contact with rats, and Protected Personal Equipment/PPE utilization. Based on the spatial analysis, variables that found in the big half area of Semarang are environmental conditions, the presence of rats, wastewater disposal, waste disposal facilities, contact with rats, and PPE utilization. The presence of pets at risk, the presence of rivers, flood's profile, inundation profile, and vegetation were found only in small half of Semarang area. People are expected to maintain their personal and environmental hygiene to prevent the transmission.

Background: According to UNICEF, half of all deaths of children are caused by malnutrition. The conventional anthropometric index to measure nutritional status is unable to measure the overall prevalence of malnutrition and multiple malnutrition. The solution is to measure it using the Composite Index of Anthropomeric Failure (CIAF). The aim of the study was to analyze the factors that affect the nutritional status of children aged 0-23 months based on Composite Index of Anthropomeric Failure (CIAF).Methods: This research was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted in the working area of Karangayu Health Center with 231 study sample of mothers who have 0-23 months old children (population used as sample). Chi-square and fisher exact test were used as statistical test.Result: Factors associated with the nutritional status of children aged 0-23 months based on the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) were the age of the child (p=0,029); birth length (p=0.005); maternal age during pregnancy (p=0.002); maternal height (p=0.025); gestational age of maternal (p=0.049). While factors unassociated were gender (p=0.997), birth weight (p=0.316), nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy (p=0.232), maternal employment (p=0.614), and education level (p=0.951).Conclusion: Age of child, birth length, maternal age during pregnancy, mother’s height, and gestational age of maternity mothers were factors associated with nutritional status of 0-23 months old children based on CIAF. A dominant factor that affected the nutritional status of children aged 0-23 months was the mother's age during pregnancy.

Dehidrasi merupakan salah satu tanda dari ketidakseimbangan cairan tubuh. Status hidrasi penduduk indonesia yaitu 49,2% penduduk tidak terhidrasi dengan baik. Salah satu kelompok yang berisiko tinggi terhadap dehidrasi adalah petani garam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko dehidrasi pada petani garam yaitu faktor pengetahuan, faktor aktivitas fisik, faktor asupan cairan, dan faktor alat pelindung diri terhadap kejadian dehidrasi. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan desain studi cross sectional. Jumlah subjek pada penelitian ini sebanyak 100 yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan, dan aktivitas fisik bukan merupakan faktor risiko dehidrasi pada petani garam. Variabel asupan cairan masih belum menunjukan bukti yang kuat sebagai faktor risiko dehidrasi pada petani garam (POR=3,1; 95%CI=0,3-31,1), tetapi proporsi responden yang mangalami dehidrasi pada kategori asupan cairan defisit(51%) lebih besar daripada responden pada kategori asupan cairan cukup(25%). Selain itu, penggunaan APD yang buruk pada petani garam berisiko 2,4 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami dehidrasi (POR=2,4; 95%CI=1,1-5,5). Petani garam di Kecamatan Kaliori disarankan untuk meningkatkan jumlah konsumsi cairan dan menggunakan APD yang sesuai standar untuk mencegah dehidrasi.

Background: Meningococcal meningitis is a disease with high morbidity and mortality which, if left untreated, 100% will end in death. Meningitis vaccination is a way to prevent transmission of meningitis in high-risk groups such as Umrah pilgrims. As many as 26.69% of Umrah pilgrims in Bengkulu were late in conducting the meningitis vaccination.Methods: Used is analytic observational research with cross sectional approach. The research sample of 122 people with purposive sampling. Data processing was performed by chi square test by looking at the value of continuity correction and pearson chi-square with α=0.05.Result: There is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge about the time of meningitis vaccination, (p=0,000) and the perseption of role of umrah travel agency (p=0,023) with the timeliness of vaccination. There was no relationship between age (p= 0,328), sex (p=0,998), level of education (p=0,868), type of work (p=1,000), level of knowledge about meningitis (p=0,477), level of knowledge about vaccination meningitis (p=0,903), family support (p=0,083) and distance access to health services (p=0,996) with timely meningitis vaccination in Umrah pilgrims.Conclusion : Knowledge about the timing of vaccination and the perseption of role of umrah travel agency are the main determining factors of the accuracy of meningitis vaccination in Umrah pilgrims.

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