Regional variations of weather pattern were analyzed along a west-to-east profile across the Southern Andes (53°S), one of the most pronounced climate-divides in the world. For the first time we present a meteorological record from an array of three automatic weather stations (AWS), operated by the authors, for the central part of the climate divide which, together with previously existing Chilean weather stations, complete the transect. These data cover a time period of 3 yr. from October 1999 until September 2002. Air temperatures along the profile are highly correlated. Annual precipitation drops from between 6000 mm and 7000 mm at sea level along the main divide of the mountains to only about 1000 mm at the eastern slopes of the Andes and to as little as 430 mm at Punta Arenas. The variations of rainfall with wind direction and synoptic weather types are markedly different between the central part of the Andes and Punta Arenas. At the center of the climate divide precipitation correlates positively with wind speed from the west, whereas at Punta Arenas, east of the Andes, higher rainfall rates occur with easterly air flow. It is assumed that this reflects the barrier effect of the mountain range of the Andes.The results indicate that in order to make references about present or past climatic variations in Patagonia, it is essential to consider the effect of changes in circulation patterns.

RESUMENSe presenta la serie de temperaturas de Punta Arenas correspondientes a 120 años, en un periodo que va desde 1888 hasta el 2007. Se analizan las variaciones que ha tenido este parámetro atmosférico a través de estos años, concluyéndose que han ocurrido periodos intercalados de alta y de bajas temperaturas en torno a su valor medio. Respecto a su tendencia y en referencia al valor promedio, es más bien estable, aunque si se considera una regresión lineal, ésta muestra un leve enfriamiento durante estos 120 años. Un análisis estacional de esta variable muestra algunos matices respecto al comportamiento anual. Se analizan por separado las series de medias de las máximas y de las mínimas mensuales y se hace su comparación con las medias por estación del año en cada uno de éstas. Finalmente se analizan los valores extremos mensuales que ha tenido la temperatura en la ciudad y se presentan los valores más frecuentes que éstas han tenido en este periodo, así como los valores récord alcanzados.Palabras clave: Punta Arenas, temperatura. ABSTRACTA sequence of temperature records from Punta Arenas for the 120 year period 1888 -2007 are presented. The analyses of how temperature has varied over the years has concluded that there have been periods when the temperature has been below and above the median. A linear regression performed on the data showed that the temperature has slightly cooled over the 120 years. From a seasonal analysis of temperature, there were variable intra-seasonal differences between years. Mean monthly means of maximum and minimum temperature are compared by station and year. The frequency, occurrence and extremes of monthly temperatures in Punta Arenas over the period are presented.

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RESUMENConvencionalmente, los registros de la temperatura superficial (TS) se han obtenido mediante estaciones meteorológicas instaladas en sectores geográficos específicos y es común que estos registros sean extrapolados a extensiones geográficas más amplias. Sin embargo, las temperaturas varían dependiendo de factores locales como la topografía y la latitud, por tanto es esperable que varíen dentro de un área, en un mismo momento. Estas variaciones pueden ser determinadas a partir de imágenes satelitales que posean datos térmicos.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar, a partir de una imagen Landsat 5TM la TS para los diferentes sectores de la zona nororiental de la península de Brunswick en un momento determinado. Para el cálculo del valor de cada píxel de la imagen se utilizaron algoritmos establecidos previamente. La comprobación del método se hizo comparando la valorización de los pixeles de la imagen con los datos de temperatura del aire registrados por la estación meteorológica Jorge Schythe. Como resultado se ha logrado aplicar el método de cálculo de variables climáticas a partir de imágenes satelitales en estas latitudes y se ha obtenido la cartografía que muestra la variabilidad de la temperatura superficial en la península de Brunswick.Palabras clave: Teledetección, temperatura superficial, Landsat, Punta Arenas ABSTRACT Surface temperature (ST) has been historically recorded in meteorological stations at specific geographic locations. That data has been used later as a proxy for larger areas, despite knowing that ST changes accordingly to local factors, such as topography and latitude. More recently, small-scale variations on ST have been estimated by satellite images that reveal terrestrial ST. This study aimed to estimate ST from a Landsat 5TM image of the northeastern area of Brunswick Peninsula, using standard algorithms

The remarkable commercial success of the novels of Daniel Defoe and Eliza Haywood in the first few decades of the eighteenth century testifies to a series of cultural phenomena that merit close critical attention. For instance, setting the overwhelming popularity of both writers during their lifetimes in contrast with the scant—though steadily growing—critical recognition accorded to Haywood in our time provides a succinct and vivid illustration of the vagaries of the literary canon. As can be guessed, the snakes and ladders in Defoe and Haywood’s game of fame had mostly to do with their gender, as well as with the genre of their most celebrated productions. Ironically, however, for good or evil, their contemporaries tended to put both writers together in the same basket. While professional critics belittled their talents in public—and perhaps envied them in private—the reading public seemed to have an insatiable appetite for their fictions. In short, Haywood and Defoe were fully-fledged popular novelists, with all the positive and negative connotations attached to this label. A key to gauging their place in the history of the novel lies, then, in the type of readers for whom they vied. This article reviews some of the correspondences between Haywood and Defoe—emphasizing their equality in terms of cultural relevance in their own time—with a view to complicate conventional assessments of Defoe as a star novelist and Haywood as a minor writer of amatory fiction, and to encourage reflection about literary practices then and now.