Background: Recent studies reported the significant expansion using 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of oxidative Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage among human populations exposed to medical ionizing radiation, but a generalized overview about this topic has not been conducted yet. Objective: This scoping review of published literature examined recent trends in utilizing 8-OHdG biomarker to measure oxidative DNA damage induced by medical ionizing radiation and possible factors that may influence the 8-OHdG level. Material and Methods: Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest databases for publications from 1984 to 2/12/2020. Included articles were: cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross–sectional studies, randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials. Excluded articles were: editorials, letters, personal opinions, newspaper articles, study plans, protocols, qualitative studies, case reports and series, in-vivo and vitro studies, animal research studies, reviews and meta-analyses. Results: According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we screened 141 articles, and 10 eligible studies met our inclusion criteria. All studies measured 8-OHdG as an oxidative DNA damage biomarker. The study results were contradictory concerning the relationship between the radiation dose and 8-OhdG level. 8-OHdG was mostly measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using urine samples. Sample size varied between (n=25-230) and included patients who underwent medical radiation procedures or workers exposed to ionizing radiation during their jobs. Conclusion: This scoping review findings showed 8-OHdG can be used as a promising biomarker to detect oxidative damage, resulting from medical ionizing radiation exposure despite external factors that may influence 8-OHdG levels.

ABSTRAK ABSTRACTBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Thus, a fast and accurate method in diagnosing pulmonary TB (PTB) is needed, especially in adult smear-negative-TB cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of a novel scoring system (Aziza's score) using clinical data and characteristic abnormalities that are found in the limited slice non-enhanced thoracic CT.

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke is one of the three main causes of death in developed countries. RISKESDAS data of 2013 depicted the fact that the prevalence rate of stroke was 12.1 per 1,000 population. CT protocol and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are excellent evaluations of acute ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an MRI technique to delineate arteries and evaluate stenosis and occlusion. Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI is quantitative and non-invasive, does not require Gadolinium contrast, measures cerebral blood flow, is useful for performing perfusion-based functional MRI (fMRI), and is able to be reevaluated. The study aimed to analyze the correlation between MRA and the relative Cerebral Blood Flow on ASL in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The study aimed to analyze the correlation between MRA and the relative Cerebral Blood Flow on ASL in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Results: The patients with acute ischemic stroke were in the age category of 40 years or more (92.3%) with the average age of the patients was 56.96 years  14.05. The youngest patient was 8 years old and the oldest one was 79 years old. Most of them were women (56.5%) with the most comorbid hypertension (45.7%) and diabetes mellitus (34.8%). The results of the evaluation after agreeing the consent portrayed that MRA was normal in 10 patients (21.7%) and there was stenosis or occlusion in 36 patients (78.3%). ASL examination showed that 20 patients (43.5%) were normal, whereas 26 patients (56.5%) were decreased. Conclusion: Phi value was 0.601 (p < 0.05), meaning that there was a strong relationship between the results of MRA examination and ASL.

Estrogen plays important roles in breast cancer as it binds its receptor in breast tissue. The most studied variants in estrogen receptor a encoded by ESR1 gene are the ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms, which were associated with lower sensitivity to estrogen. We determined the proportion of ESR1 XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms in Javanese woman in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and analyzed the correlation between genetic variations with mammogram density. ESR1 XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms of 50 cases and 58 controls were identified using PCR-RFLP. Breast density was assessed based on digitizer mammograms. Quantitative analysis was performed using an interactive program based on cumulus of two thresholds. Mean of density and frequencies of SNPs were compared between cases and controls to identify the association between SNPs and cancer susceptibility. Mammographic density was significantly higher in cases (52%) than controls (0.41%) (p < 0.05). Women with one or two copies of the PvuII T allele and XbaI A allele had higher mammographic density compared with women with C and G alleles, respectively. The proportion between PP and TT genotype was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), while the proportion between AA and GG was significantly different (p < 0.05). Haplotype 2 (CG/PX) was associated with lower sensitivity to estrogen and reflects a decrease of mammographic density. These findings were consistent with other studies that showed that ESR1 polymorphisms may affect breast cancer risk through differences in breast density. dibandingkan dengan wanita dengan alel C dan G, secara berurutan. Proporsi antara genotipe PP dan TT tidak signifikan secara statistik (p> 0,05), sedangkan proporsi antara AA dan GG berbeda secara signifikan (p <0,05). Haplotype 2 (CG / PX) berkaitan dengan sensitivitas yang lebih rendah terhadap estrogen dan mencerminkan penurunan kepadatan mamografi. Temuan ini konsisten dengan penelitian lain yang menunjukkan bahwa polimorfisme ESR1 dapat mempengaruhi risiko kanker payudara melalui perbedaan kepadatan payudara.

PENDAHULUANRongga mulut merupakan bagian tubuh yang penting dan merupakan pintu masuk sistem pencernaan. Penyakit yang mengenai rongga mulut mempengaruhi kesehatan umum. Salah satu penyakit yang masih sulit diatasi hingga saat ini adalah kanker rongga mulut yang dikenal juga dengan istilah kanker oral. Kanker oral merupakan penyakit dengan letalitas tinggi berupa tumor lokal invasif yang bersifat destruktif pada jaringan orofasial, bermetastase melalui limfonodi servikalis, serta mudah menyebar ke organ tubuh lain, terutama ABSTRAK Kanker oral merupakan neoplasma maligna pada bibir dan rongga mulut yang umumnya terlambat terdeteksi, bersifat lokal invasif, bermetastase melalui limfonodi servikalis dan mampu menyebar melalui pembuluh darah. Pemeriksaan imejing diagnostik kanker oral umumnya menggunakan radiografi konvensional, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Computed Tomography (CT), ultrasonografi (USG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), dan bone scintigraphy. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bermacam imejing diagnostik dan prinsip dasar interpretasi kanker oral menggunakan masing-masing modalitas. Pemilihan modalitas imejing pada pemeriksaan kanker oral perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis pasien, ketersediaan alat, dan biaya. Ketersediaan alat imejing modern di Indonesia masih terbatas, namun pengetahuan mengenai interpretasi gambaran kanker oral menggunakan berbagai modalitas imejing diperlukan oleh dokter gigi. Hasil pemeriksaan imejing diagnostik diperlukan untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosa dan menentukan jenis perawatan yang paling tepat bagi pasien, sehingga kesembuhan dan harapan hidup pasien dapat ditingkatkan. Kata kunci: imejing; interpretasi; kanker oral ABSTRACT: Oral cancer imaging: the principles of interpretation on dental radiograph, CT, CBCT, MRI, and USG.Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasia on the lip and oral cavity. It is generally late-detected, locally invasive, and it has a high propensity for cervical lymph node metastases as well as blood-borne distant metastases. Diagnostic imaging for oral cancer is generally performed using conventional radiography, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Computed Tomography (CT), ultrasonography (USG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and bone scintigraphy. This review provides a general overview of oral cancer imaging and basic principles of interpretation for oral cancer using several imaging modalities. The selection of imaging modalities for oral cancer must be based upon clinical condition, availability of imaging modalities, and cost effectivity. Despite the limited availability of modern imaging modalities in Indonesia, understanding on the major concept of various oral cancer imaging and its interpretation are certainly required by the dentists. Imaging and its interpretation are required to assist the diagnosis and determine the most appropriate...