Background: Warts are spiny, rough papules or nodules that can be found anywhere on skin. They are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. There are over 100 HPV types documented. Approximately 6% of children and 2% of adults consult the doctor for wart. The aim of the current study was To compare the efficacy of topical Adapalene gel 0.1% under occlusion with cryotherapy in the treatment of plantar wart Methodology: It was Randomized control trial carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan, from Feb 2022 to July 2022. A total of 60 Patients coming to hospital with complaints of plantar warts were randomized into two equal groups of 30 patients. Patients reporting on odd serial number were allocated to group A, treated with application of topical 1% adapalene gel overnight on daily basis under occlusion, while patients reporting on even serial number were allocated to group B, treated with cryotherapy for two freeze thaw cycles, done with liquid nitrogen at -196°C temperature using direct application by a dipstick. The primary outcome was to measure the complete resolution of warts after 8 weeks from start of treatment. Results: Age range in this study was from 18 to 45 years with mean age of 32.366±8.61 years, while duration of disease was from 2 to 12 weeks with mean duration of 6.433±2.90 weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment, 27 patients (90%) in group-A, while 20 patients (66.66%) in group-B achieved complete resolution of warts (p-value 0.028). Practical implication: In the practical implications of this study, while comparing topical adapalene versus cryotherapy in trials, an important fact is that cryotherapy is done under supervision by the physician on fortnightly basis while adapalene is applied under occlusion by patients themselves daily at home, so, a major advantage of use of adapalene gel is also its simplicity and convenience of use. Another advantage to the patient is in shape of painless application at home compared to the cryotherapy. However, one disadvantage with adapalene gel is that it has to be used under occlusion by plastic sheet on daily basis which may feel messy to some patients Conclusion: Topical 0.1 % adapalene was more effective than cryotherapy in the treatment of plantar warts. Keyword: Human papillomavirus, Plantar warts, Adapalene, Cryotherapy.

Background: The correct treatment and management of scabies is expensive and time-consuming, and may have a negative impact on patients and their families. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of permethrin 5% cream on scabies mites, and explore mite survival times outside the human body Patients and Methods: This was Quasi Experimental Study, carried out the Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan, from March 2022 to August 2022. A total of 60 scabies mites were taken from 60 patients reporting at OPD during the study period. A total of 60 petri dishes were divided in to two groups, 30 petri dishes coated with permethrin 5% cream were in the treatment group while 30 plain petri dishes were included in the control group. One scabies mite was placed in each dish. Observation was made at baseline and then 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12 hours from baseline. Death of the mite was decided when all the leg movements were ceased. Results: The results of the study showed that after 8 hours 60% of the scabies mites survived in treatment group while 70% survived in control group. After 12 hours, 16.66% of mites in the treatment group and 60% in the control group were survived. (p-value= 0.019) Practical implication: The purpose of this study was not only to treat the patient but also to take measures to ensure that the prevalence is stopped from individual to individual, as clothes and bed linen also contains the mites and surrounding environment also needs proper management. The aim of our study was to find survival time of scabies mites present in our Pakistani population in vitro to the effects of 5% permethrin cream, which is the most widely used treatment in Pakistan for scabies mites. This will help to advice the patients accordingly for exact application time required for the drug and the time when the mites are actually died. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that 5% permethrin topical cream needs to be left on body for at least 12 hours before patient wash it off. Keyword: In Vitro Survival, Scabies, Permethrin, Mal-Nutrition, Immigration, Dementia, Families