The influence of temperature on lifetime attributes of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30º C), RH 70 ± 10%, photophase 14 h. Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were used as hosts. Developmental times of both parasitoid species were similar when exposed to 20, 25, or 30º C. T. annulata, however, developed slightly faster than T. pretiosum at 15º C. Emergence rates of both species were above 89%. The temperature threshold for T. pretiosum and T. annulata was 11º C and the number of degree-days required for their development was 126.9 and 122.3, respectively. Parasitization was maximal at 25º C. T. annulata, however, parasitized significantly more hosts than T. pretiosum in the entire temperature range. Temperature had no effect in brood size.T. annulata progeny consisted predominantly of males, except at 15º C, whereas in T.pretiosumitconsisted predominantly of females, except at 30º C. Parental females lived longer than males.

Resumo AbstractThe objective of the present work was to determine the incidence of Meloidogyne paranaensis galls in the roots of Solanum lycopersicum, after inoculation with Amynthas spp. and Pontoscolex corethrurus. The experiment was performed in the greenhouse in a randomised block experimental design was adopted, with four treatments and five repetitions: T1. M. paranaensis; T2. M. paranaensis + Amynthas spp. T3. M. paranaensis +P. corethrurus; T4. M. paranaensis + Amynthas spp. + P. corethrurus. Initially, six adult worms of Amynthas spp. or P. corethrurus, isolated or in the same proportion (3:3), with the previously determined fresh biomass. After one week, tomato seedlings (cultivar "Rutgers") were transplanted to the pots and inoculated with 5 mL of a suspension of M. paranaensis containing

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Sugarcane-associated nematodes (Saccharum spp.) can reduce productivity up to 50%. Through the survey, it was possible to identify the main nematodes that occur in a certain region as a tool for designing the best management and control strategies. The aim of this study was to characterize the population of nematodes associated with sugarcane in the North Central, North Pioneiro and Northwest mesoregion of the state of Paraná, Brazil, quantify the nematode genera associated with the crop and identify the species of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne. A total amount of 89 soil and root composite samples were collected in nine municipalities. Nematodes were extracted and counted in a Peters counting chamber under an optical light microscope. Morphological description followed identification keys. Pratylenchus spp. were identified by morphological characteristics; Meloidogyne spp. were identified by morphological characteristics and isoenzyme electrophoresis. Twelve genera of nematodes associated with sugarcane were identified: