Objective Digestive symptoms are the most common complaints among patients who seek primary healthcare services. This study aims to identify digestive symptoms and determine their association with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings in patients treated at a public endoscopy centre in Northeast Brazil. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 751 patients with digestive symptoms who had an indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We identified the association between these variables through Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test and calculated the odds ratio. Results Epigastric pain occurred in 83%, post-prandial plenitude in 72.6%, and heartburn in 72.3% of the patients. Women were more likely to present with epigastric pain ( p = 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–1.47), post-prandial plenitude ( p = 0.001; OR = 1.21; CI = 1.06–1.37), retrosternal pain or burning ( p = 0.03; OR = 1.11; CI = 1.004–1.24), heartburn ( p = 0.04; OR = 1.10; CI = 0.98–1.24), unintentional weight loss ( p = 0.01; OR = 1.12; CI = 1.02–1.24), and dysphagia ( p = 0.01; OR = 1.14; CI = 1.03–1.25). There was no statistically significant association between digestive symptoms and endoscopic findings of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, there was no significant association between digestive symptoms and abnormalities detected by endoscopy. Conclusion Dyspeptic symptoms of epigastric pain, post-prandial fullness, and heartburn were the most common symptoms in patients referred for endoscopy. Dyspepsia, heartburn, and dysphagia were more common in women than in men. Digestive symptoms were not associated with positive endoscopy findings or abnormalities detected by endoscopy.