Enamel is a special coating obtained from the mixture of powdered minerals, fluxes and various pigments. This coating is used on metal to protect it against corrosion. Enamel offers properties superior to those of traditional materials, including good chemical resistance, increased thermal and colour stability. Positive features of enamels have been noted by artists, which resulted in the development of various decorative techniques. These embellishments were characterised by the highest level of artistry. However, enamel is also a very brittle material; mechanical strain or rough handling may cause cracking or exfoliation. To control these effects, the damaged structure of historic enamel is filled with an agent which stabilises it against breaking stress, whether between the coating and the metal or in the enamelling layer itself. Presented are the results of research on the consolidation of enamel by means of nanocomposites. The polymer matrix applied was acrylic resin (Paraloid). The filler was Aerosil 200 fumed silica modified by 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Selected properties of the polymer/filler composition were measured, including adhesion, hardness and flexibility. It was observed how the addition of a modified filler to acrylic resin changed its properties. Relative to the initial properties of the resin, the differences in the adhesion between the composite and glass (enamel imitation) or the composite and metal indicate interactions between the composite and the metal or glass substrate.

Imitative methods to the fill the losses of the enamel decoration. Application of polymer composites based on epoxy resins Masses based on synthetic resins are used by conservators to the fill losses of damaged enamel layer. It is the first stage of reconstruction of the damaged enamel layers, second is retouch of colour over the fill. To the conservation of glass and ceramics commonly epoxy resins are used. This type of resin provides a universal matrix for the preparation of polymer composites, because they can be modified in a wide range by addition of different fillers, in order to obtain masses, which are similar to the original enamel layer; in terms of texture, transparency, mechanical and physical properties.

Zastosowanie metod analitycznych w badaniu dawnych technik złoceń na podłożu metalowymBadania sfinansowane ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki nr rej.: N N105 294639Wprowadzenie W spółczesne metody analityczne pozwalają na identyfikację techniki, która została zastosowana do naniesienia warstwy złota na metalowe podłoże zabytku. To rozpoznanie może być przeprowadzone sposobami bazującymi na detekcji sygnałów pochodzących od wzbudzonych atomów, które spontanicznie emitują promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne 1 . Jest ono rejestrowane przez detektor i przetwarzane na widmo liniowe charakterystyczne dla danego pierwiastka. Obecnie stosowane detektory promieniowania pozwalają na analizę jakościową i ilościową pierwiastków w badanej próbce.Na materiale zabytkowym sprawdzono możliwości następujących technik analitycznych: fluorescencyjnej spektrometrii rentgenowskiej 2 -XRF 1

Imitative methods to the fill the losses of the enamel decoration-retouching of colour To the colour unification, at the reconstruction of decorative layer, various types of coloured film-forming products are used. They should be characterizing by excellent colour stability and good adhesion to the substrate. Colour stability of the coating depends on the chemical nature of the binder, of pigment or organic dye. Pigments or dyes must be soluble or should be compatible with the binder. Dimensions of the filler particles must be smaller than the wavelength of visible radiation (380-780 nm), so METODY IMITATORSKIE UZUPEŁNIANIA DEKORACJI EMALIERSKIEJ...