Today's relays are predominantly based on phasors, and as such, they incur a delay associated with the fullcycle observation window required for accurate phasor estimation. Considerable improvement in speed is possible by using information in the transients of voltages and currents. We review a number of protection techniques, including directional elements, direct tripping underreaching elements, and differential elements that significantly speed up line protection. 978-1-4799-8722-1/15/$31.00
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