This paper aimed to review the impact of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on kidney function and structure by presenting the updated information in this regard. The adverse effects associated with the administration of PPIs include an increase in the incident risk of kidney injury, hyper-secretion of gastric acid after their withdrawal, bone fracture, decreased levels of blood magnesium, interaction with metabolism of antiplatelet agents, increased risk of enteric infections and community-acquired pneumonia.