Epidemiology, new paediatric morbidity and paediatrician roleObjective: Describe and analyze the principle changes in child health during the last decades, identify new challenges and relate them to the paediatrician role in this area. Method: Review of biomedical literature and national statistics related to infant health. Results: The biodemographic parameters of health care have shown a positive evolution, demonstrating the success of preventive programs and mother-child health supervision. The most frequent causes of death have changed, being now emerging diseases, excess nutritional disorders and chronic pathologies; in the future, infant mortality will concentrate on congenital and perinatal diseases. Drugs and alcohol abuse and sexual activity begin at an early age, with increase in adolescent pregnancy. The paediatrician role (lawyer of the rights of children) is to detect pathologies and guide a multidisciplinary health team capable of promoting children health and prevent diseases. The final goal is to contribute to a better life quality of old people. RESUMENPropósito: Describir y analizar los principales cambios de la salud infantil durante las últimas décadas, reconocer nuevos desafíos y relacionarlos con el rol del pediatra en este escenario. Material y Método: Revisión de literatura biomédica y de estadísticas nacionales relacionadas con la salud infanto juvenil. Resultados: Los indicadores biodemográficos, de salud y atención han tenido una evolución favorable que refleja el éxito de los programas de prevención y control de salud materno infantil aunque subsisten inequidades cuya magnitud se acentúa al comparar unidades administrativas de menor tamaño y grupos étnicos determinados. Las principales causas de muerte han cambiado dando paso a enfermedades emergentes, trastornos nutricionales por exceso y patologías crónicas. A futuro, es probable que las muertes infantiles se concentren en las afecciones congénitas, perinatales y en otras mal definidas del período neonatal precoz. El consumo de alcohol y drogas, así como la actividad sexual, son cada vez más tempranos; mientras el sedentarismo llega a magnitudes importantes y hay una alta proporción de nacidos fuera del matrimonio, en especial en adolescentes. La mayor sobrevida aumenta el número y complejidad de quienes deben recibir atención, incrementando la necesidad de capacitación y los costos asociados al avance tecnológico. Rol: Se sugiere que el Pediatra -abogado de los derechos del Niño-debe detectar y dar

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Tuberculin reaction in infants given BCG vaccine at birthTuberculin test with PPD RT-23 with Tween 80 (2 TU strength), was performed to 228 infants under two years of age. None of them had any history of contact with tuberculosis. All were healthy, well-nourished infants, and had been vaccinated with BCG at birth. A positive PPD reaction (>6 mm), was found only in 8.8%, of them and 16.2% had no BCG scar on examination; 14.9% of the studied infants had negative PPD (0-5 mm) reactions together with absent BCG scars. These findings are significantly different from those previously reported by Chilean authors, wich showed higher proportion of positive (> -6 mm) reaction to 2 TU PPD in infants from similar populations that had been vaccinated with different BCG preparations than our patients. These results suggest the need to evaluate the efficacy of the BCG vaccines that are currently being used in our country to determine the factors that may affect it and the protection that they afford.

Answers to the audience with the Government Advisory Committee on Infancy Politics Presentation of the answers delivered by the Board of Directors from the Chilean Paediatrics Society (SOCHIPE) to the Government Advisory Committee on Infancy Politics, including the paediatrician view on epidemiologic and demographic changes, its role in "Development and Behaviour in Paediatrics" and performance in infant primary health attention. It analyses SOCHIPE participation in human resources and health reform, with special emphasis in GES pathologies and chronic diseases impact, in relation to the available resources for health care. Finally, it discusses SOCHIPE mission in increasing the genetic potential expression of children and the biopsychosocial view of medicine.

Background: The X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency that affects phagocytes of the innate immune system and is (Rev Méd Chile 2006; 134: 965-72).