Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its infective pathogenic role leads to the psychiatric and neurological signs and symptoms. Therefore, close monitoring and regular follow-up is warranted. Objective: To find out the frequency of peripheral neuropathy among patients presenting at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, having Chronic Hepatitis C. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 359 patients with chronic HCV, aged 20 to 70 years, who presented to the Liaquat University Hospital's Hepatitis Clinic and Outpatient Department of General Medicine and Neurology. Non-probability - sequential sampling was used to choose patients. Patients were asked about demographic information and the duration of chronic HCV after giving informed written consent. The clinical examination was performed to see if there were any reduced tendon reflexes in all of the patient's extremities. To diagnose peripheral neuropathy based on nerve conduction velocity, all patients had an electrophysiological test using a simplified nerve conduction study (NCS) methodology (NCV). The research lasted six months, from June 2021 to December 2021. The information was examined via SPSS version 25.0. Results: There were 219 Men (61%) And 140 Females (39%) among the 359 Patients. The average age (SD) of the participants was 42.3 (8.7) years (range 22–70). HCV infection lasted 36 months on average (range 1–156). Out of 359 patients, 61 had clinical peripheral neuropathy (PN) (17%). Electrophysiological evidence of PN was present in all of these patients, electrophysiological investigation revealed subclinical PN in 19 more patients (5.3%). Conclusion: On the basis of the findings from this study, it can be concluded that a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy is present among the patients with HCV in our locality. However, an electrophysiological examination should always be done to avoid underestimating PN, particularly in older HCV patients.

To determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with hypothyroidism. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Period: 12-05-2016 to 11-11-2016. Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Patients and Methods: All the patients of known hypothyroid patients for ≥01month duration, 20-50 years of age, either gender were explored for serum vitamin B12 level. The SPSS was used to manipulate the data in relation to mean ±SD, frequencies and percentages and through chisquare test to get the p-values and its level of significance (≤0.05). Results: Total 145 patients with hypothyroidism were evaluated for B12 deficiency, of which 97 (66.8%) were males and 48 (33.1%) were females respectively. Ninety patients (62%) were from urban areas while 55 (37.9%) was rural population. The mean ±SD for age of overall population was 41.83±8.93 years while the mean age ±SD for vitamin B12 deficient and non deficient was 39.96±7.82 and 40.74±8.54 years respectively. The vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in one hundred and five patients (72%), of which 69 (65.7%) males and 36 (34.3%) females. The mean ± SD for duration of infection in overall population was 5.32±1.53 months while it was 5.81±1.43 in vitamin B12 deficient individuals. Conclusion: The vitamin B12 deficiency is more pronounced in hypothyroid patients. In present series vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 105 (72%) individuals with male predominance 69 (65.7%).

Objectives: To determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patientswith hypothyroidism. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Period: 12-05-2016to 11-11-2016. Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Patients andMethods: All the patients of known hypothyroid patients for ≥01month duration, 20-50 yearsof age, either gender were explored for serum vitamin B12 level. The SPSS was used tomanipulate the data in relation to mean ±SD, frequencies and percentages and through chisquaretest to get the p-values and its level of significance (≤0.05). Results: Total 145 patientswith hypothyroidism were evaluated for B12 deficiency, of which 97 (66.8%) were males and48 (33.1%) were females respectively. Ninety patients (62%) were from urban areas while 55(37.9%) was rural population. The mean ±SD for age of overall population was 41.83±8.93years while the mean age ±SD for vitamin B12 deficient and non deficient was 39.96±7.82and 40.74±8.54 years respectively. The vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in one hundredand five patients (72%), of which 69 (65.7%) males and 36 (34.3%) females. The mean ± SDfor duration of infection in overall population was 5.32±1.53 months while it was 5.81±1.43 invitamin B12 deficient individuals. Conclusion: The vitamin B12 deficiency is more pronouncedin hypothyroid patients. In present series vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 105 (72%)individuals with male predominance 69 (65.7%).

The International Labor Organization (ILO), “reiterate every year the concern of ever-increasing burden of occupational illnesses, especially among less empowered population in less developed countries such as Pakistan. One such industry is the bangle industry wherein women work in poor conditions and are exposed to various heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, and selenium (used as coloring agents), putting their health at risk. Objective: To determine the respiratory health and function of women, working in the bangle industry. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included a sample of 100 women, (selected using snowball sampling) working in the bangle industry in Southern Pakistan. The women were approached, and their respiratory function and oxygen saturation gauged using appropriate apparatus. The data was analyzed using SPSS. V. 21.0. Results: The mean values of various spirometric variables (FVC, FEV1, IMBC, and PEFR) were within normal range. However, FEV1/FVC% was reduced significantly (p < 0.001) among the study participants. Additionally, a high prevalence (26%) of respiratory impairment was noted. The respiratory impairment observed indicated primarily restrictive pattern of pulmonary abnormality (18%). The effect of the duration of exposure on the prevalence of respiratory impairment in the glass bangle industry was significant” (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Women employed in the glass bangle industry have poor respiratory health and continue to suffer from increasingly high levels of respiratory impairment.