The article discusses the development of wheat export, which is the main grain crop in the structure of production and export of Russia. The record crop of grain crops in 2017 provided a good basis for the activation of Russian grain exporters in the world market. An analysis of geographical areas by source of grain export showed that crop growth allowed Russia to become a leader, as the main North American and European competitors experienced certain difficulties that led to a reduction in their export potential. The main geographical areas in which there is an increase in demand for wheat are the countries of Africa and Asia, whose population needs a more affordable form of food, which have become the main importers for Russian wheat along with Egypt and Turkey. Russia mainly exports low-grade wheat of the 4th and 5th grade; therefore, such wheat at a lower price and relatively high level of protein content is competitive in a number of foreign markets. The key problems for the export of Russian wheat are unstable gross grain harvests in Russia, which determine the search for innovative-intensive methods of increasing the yield and its stability, and the development of transport and logistics infrastructure. It is necessary to increase port capacities due to the Baltic and Far East directions in the context of political contradictions between Russia and Turkey and expanding the geography of wheat supplies to Africa and Southeast Asia for Russia makes sense. This will not only increase the competitiveness of exports, but also create additional incentives to increase grain production in a number of regions of the country remote from the Azov-Black Sea ports.

This paper deals with knowledge in the field of increasing the level of the state economic security in view of the development of foreign trade in food products. The obtained results make it possible to determine the relationship between food and economic security, as well as the place of foreign trade in achieving sustainable development. The assessment of the volume of food production and the level of food security has allowed the authors of the paper to identify promising food groups for export. They include meat and meat products, as well as vegetables and gourds. These groups were determined on the basis of an assessment of the level of production, the volumes of which correspond to the threshold values of food security and have growth prospects. Calculations of the balance of food products, taking into account the needs of the domestic and foreign markets, are presented in the paper. The calculations are based on the condition of maintaining the target level of food security and increasing economic security. The main results of stimulating exports of food products will be: diversification of exports, an increase in the country’s share in world trade, an increase in foreign exchange earnings, expansion of agricultural production and a cumulative growth in gross domestic product. The instruments of state regulation of foreign trade in food products will be export quantitative quotas for goods the production level of which exceeds the threshold of self-sufficiency, as well as increased export duties on food, the production of which does not cover the domestic needs of the country. As part of the study a potential effect of the proposed measures implementation to improve economic security was presented. The potential for increasing exports is more than 1.5 million tons for meat and meat products and 162 thousand tons for vegetables and gourds.

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the Russian state policy on agricultural production and food availability in the context of food security. Using methodological tools, statistical data about production, consumption and prices of food products were processed. In the course of the work, it was determined that the agriculture of Russia shows a fairly high rate of development. The positive aspect is that this growth is provided mainly by intensive factors. The sale prices of agricultural producers show high growth rates, which negatively affects the availability of food for the country's population. In general, Russia's agriculture, under the conditions of the food embargo and economic sanctions, shows good results. It is proposed that the State changes the emphasis from state support from grain and pig farming to growing vegetables, growing fruits, and raising livestock, including milk products. Increasing support to these areas will increase the volume of agricultural production of high value-added goods, which will have a positive impact on the development of rural areas and the diversification of exports. At the same time, state support should be left in the direction of the production of class 1 and 2 cereals and the processing of pork.

Introduction. A large number of different forms of transactions between agents are used by economic actors when performing economic and other activities. The foundations of neo-institutional theory are based on studying economic rather than legal aspects of various contracts, content and characteristics of mutual economic ties of actors in various types of contractual relationships, as well as the role and level of influence of specific contracts on individuals when using such contracts in various types of economic activities. Together, this determines the significance of the level of transaction arrangements in the conditions of insolvency, which affects the effectiveness in resolving crisis situations in terms of maximisation of public welfare. When carrying out transactions, agents demonstrate opportunism, which leads to the need for its in-depth analysis. When crisis situations related to insolvency or having other causes emerge, an urgent scientific objective is to study opportunistic behaviour of economic actors and to form mechanisms of its neutralisation. Methodology. The research is based on the methodology of neo-institutionalism. Analytical and information reports of the Coface Group, Paris Commercial Court, commercial courts of the Russian Federation, as well as results of surveys were used to conduct the research. The purpose of the research is to analyse transactions between economic actors in crisis situations of insolvency applying methodological tools of neo-institutionalism. Results. The authors have substantiated the conditions for resolving mutual opportunism in interaction between top managers of organisations in crisis and creditors, identified unified forms of opportunism, developed their own approach to the neutralisation of mutual opportunism through a system of penal sanctions which can contribute to the implementation of the practices of containment and compensation, as well as to transferring the authority to take and implement managerial decisions from top managers of an enterprise which is in crisis situation to third parties determined by the court. Conclusions. The global nature of contractual relationships leads to the emergence of opportunistic behaviour of economic actors represented by both top managers of the organisation in crisis and investors, which significantly decreases chances to achieve positive results in resolving problems and facilitating recovery from the crisis. The latter determines the importance of developing the institution of bankruptcy taking into account the necessary regulations aimed at neutralising opportunism.

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