The article is devoted to the study of radiation effects on non-volatile memory. The basis of non-volatile memory with high speed is the ferroelectric effect. The paper describes the principle of operation of FRAM memory, considers the characteristics of various options for the implementation of FRAM. Particular attention is paid to the description of experimental studies of the resistance of FRAM to the effects of ionization radiation from outer space. PZT-FRAMs from three manufacturers, Krysalis Corporation, National Semiconductor Corporation, and Sandia National Laboratories, were considered. The paper illustrates the dependences of the switching charge under the influence of X-rays, the charge change during irradiation and annealing at low temperatures, plots of Hysteresis loops, etc. The influence of neutrons on PZT FRAM was studied by measuring the total switching charge observed when measuring the Hysteresis loop; residual charge; effect on repeated read/write cycles. The experiment involved three samples with different PZT films 240, 250, and 400 nm thick.

Aim    To evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in Russian patients with heart failure (HF).Material and methods    Iron metabolism variables were studied in 498 (198 women, 300 men) patients with HF. Data were evaluated at admission for HF (97 %) or during an outpatient visit (3 %). ID was determined according to the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines.Results    83.1 % of patients had ID; only 43.5 % of patients with ID had anemia. Patients with ID were older: 70.0 [63.0;79.0] vs. 66.0 years [57.0;75.2] (p=0.009). The number of patients with ID increased in parallel with the increase in HF functional class (FC). Among patients with ID, fewer people were past or current alcohol users (p=0.002), and a greater number of patients had atrial fibrillation (60.1 vs. 45.2 %, p=0.016). A multiple logistic regression showed that more severe HF (HF FC) was associated with a higher incidence of ID detection, whereas past alcohol use was associated with less pronounced ID. An increase in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) by 100 pg/ml was associated with an increased likelihood of ID (odds ratio, 1.006, 95 % confidence interval: 1.002–1.011, p=0.0152).Conclusion    The incidence rate of HF patients is high in the Russian Federation (83.1 %). Only 43.5 % of these patients had anemia. The prevalence of ID in the study population increased with increases in HF FC and NT-proBNP.

Objective:arterial hypertension is a major pandemic in the modern world and is a common cause of heart failure. Identification of pulmonary and venous congestion is relevant in patients with arterial hypertension(AH) and decompensated heart failure (DHF)Design and method:to assess the severity and dynamics of venous congestion (VC) by VExUS (including the study of the inferior vena cava (IVC), porto-hepatic and renal blood flow), and pulmonary congestion (PC) by LUS (with B-lines assessment according to 8-zone method) in patients with AH and DHF at admission to hospital and at discharge. The PC was defined as the sum of B-lines of more than 5 (6–15, 16–30 and> 30 - light, moderate and severe pulmonary congestion, respectively). Standard examinations and assessment of VC and LUS were performed in 52 patients with AH and DHF in the first 48 hours after admission and at discharge (men 48%, age 70 ± 11 years (M ± SD), atrial fibrillation 60%, diabetes 40%, chronic anemia 27%, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) 50 [40; 57] %, EF < 40% - 29%, NTproBNP 1421 [754; 2024] pg/ml (Me; IQR)). To assess the severity of clinical symptoms and signs of congestion, the composite congestion score (CCS) was assessed: 0 - no congestion; 1–2-moderate; > = 3 severe congestion.Results:at admission, 27% of patients had moderate congestion according to CCS scale, 65% had severe congestion. In 31%, 13% and 17% of patients, mild, moderate and severe VC was revealed, respectively. Mild, moderate and severe PC was detected in 21%, 27% and 48% of patients, respectively. Congestion was present in 50% of patients at discharge according to CCS scale (moderate-42%, severe-8%). VC persisted in 38% of patients:mild in 20%, moderate–in 12%, severe–in 6% of cases. At discharge, PC was still present in 44% of patients. 15% of patients had mild PC, 20%-moderate and 9%-severe. VC and PC significantly correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.3,p = 0.03 and r = 0.41,p = 0.003,respectively) and with each other (r = 0.35,p = 0.01)Conclusions:Correlations between venous congestion assessed by VEXUS protocol and PC by LUS with NtproBNP in patients with AH and DHF were revealed

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