У статті розкриті ключові перспективи воєнної та повоєнної відбудови сфери житлового будівництва в Україні. Визначено, що станом на вересень 2022 року загальна сума прямого задокументованого збитку об’єктам житлової та нежитлової нерухомості та іншій інфраструктурі в Україні становила понад 127 мільярдів доларів США, де на житлові фонди припадала найбільша частка, а саме 39,7% або 50,5 мільярда доларів США загальних збитків. Встановлено, що ринок будівництва житла в регіонах, де не ведуться активні бойові дії, поглиблено вивчає перспективи та можливості для відновлення роботи. З’ясовано, що в основі відновлення житлового будівництва лежить проблема нестачі коштів, окрім того, наразі немає єдиного механізму відшкодування збитків, завданих державі, економіці та громадянам внаслідок російської агресії, що стосується також житлової проблеми. Окрім питання відновлення житлового будівництва, сьогодні одним із найважливіших питань в Україні є відновлення моніторингу стану навколишнього природного середовища.
This work concerns the study of the influence of military actions on the development of global ecological processes, in particular, the fall of acid rain from individual single explosions. A mathematical model is proposed, which takes into account the emission of pollutants into the subcloud washout zone and the kinetics of the condensation process. The concentration of combustion products in the atmosphere at the level of three to five diameters of the explosion area (the area of the formed explosion funnel) is found using the theory of a convective jet from a warm source to the environment. At the same time, we determined the speed of warm air that rises above the area of the explosion, the average temperature in the transition section of the convective jet, and the flow rate of polluted air in the upper part of the jet. The paper presents a system of dimensionless non-stationary differential equations for a high unshaded source, which can be used to determine the dispersion of the main acid-forming substances in the Boussinesq approximation with the variables "eddy velocity – current function – temperature – concentration" with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Sulfuric anhydride was considered as an example of the main acid-forming substances and the most dangerous and toxic compounds of explosion products. The proposed mathematical model can be used to forecast the possible fall of acid rain on the territories adjacent to single explosions, thereby making a forecast of changes in environmental risk as a result of military operations for the environment and the population. and will make it possible to determine the zones of influence and dispersion from the place of the explosion.
The threat to ecological balance can turn into a global problem, and we observe its deviations, which arise as a result of complex relationships between natural and social environments. Direct and indirect human impact on Earth's ecosystems together and interdependently form the planet's ecosystem, resulting in changes in the social environment of a human. Today's global problems are increasingly shifting to the side of developing countries, where environmental pressure is increasing because along with "pre-industrial" pollution, a new one is emerging, related to the invasion of multinational corporations and "exports" of polluting industries to "third world" countries. Modern "industrial" pollution in developing countries is the result of the transfer of many polluting industries to the "third world", such as the construction of enterprises, chemical plants, chemicalization of agriculture. Due to this, the concentration of the population in the largest agglomerations is growing.
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