Climate change is a gradual ongoing phenomenon which has been hastened by anthropogenic activities. With the rise in temperature it is observed that the usual rainfall pattern changes. Absolute analysis of climate variables (in the present case rainfall) for developing an understanding of climatic patterns is required to strengthen the link between the rural livelihood and vulnerability reduction. The study analyzed the historical rainfall data for hundred years and survey based perception of people. The findings are a clear indication of change in rainfall pattern for the districts of Kumaun region and for district Pithoragarh of Uttarakhand and its impacts associated with the sectors of agriculture and various services that will affect the rural population dwelling in the fragile mountains.

The coastline of Gujarat is 1,600 km long and salt marshes, sand-belts and gravel patches mark the topography. During the present study, total 94 finfish and 26 shellfish species belonging to 62 families and 18 orders were identified fromthe Kharakuva Fish market of Veraval Taluka from Gir-Somanth district of Gujarat, India. Data were collected with the help of local skilled fishermen and fish farmers from different locations of the different area forAugust, 2017 to March, 2018 on the ichthyofaunal diversity of Veraval coast, Gujarat. Identification of fishes was based on fresh or preserved specimens. They were identified by using standard taxonomic keys. The collected fish were identified up to species level. During the present study there were 94 finfish species under 14 order and 52 families, whereas 26 shellfish species belonging to 4 orders and 10 families were reported. Among the finfishes order Perciformes while in case of shellfishes order Decapoda represents abundance in landing. In case of family wise contribution Carangidae contributes a greater number of finfish species and family Penaeidae contributes a greater number of shellfish species. The price structure reported that shellfish fetches good value than that of finfish. Among finfish Protonibea diacanthus (Jew fish) and among the shellfish lobsters viz., Penulirus homarus and P. ornatus (Spiny lobster) fetches the highest price.Ichthyofaunal, fish diversity, kharakuva fish market, veraval AbstractArticle History

Seaweeds were the microalgae observed along the coastal ocean waters. They were observed near the coastal waters, mostly attached to any substratum. Ecologically they provides living and feeding habitat to the most of the aquatic animals. They are of three types-green, brown and red seaweeds. For human population they are useful for various purposes like food, fertilizers, medicines etc. In the present review article, reported studies from Indian as well as different waters throughout the world were discussed. Overall it was stated that, there was good amount of proximate and minerals composition of some scrutinized seaweed species, so in future it can be considered as food resource. The mineral and proximate composition comparison with terrestrial vegetables plants varieties reports, the good amount of these components in some of the analyzed seaweed species. Presently, the concept of Seaweed Aquaculture is one of the option to increase the seaweed production from country, but the unsuitable environmental and coastal oceanic conditions limits to such activities. To overcome this problem proper study were required and at the moment CMFRI, CSMCRI, NIO, etc. like institutes were came forward and they led research for the development of Seaweed Aquaculture. So this review article describe the importance of seaweeds for future generations as food as well as their medicinal importance, also explains status of the seaweed diversity along the Indian coast. The description about their threats represents how to take control measures over the seaweed cultivation, which will be useful for future seaweed cultivation prospective. Seaweed, Indian waters, proximate and mineral composition AbstractArticle History

To study the Ichthyofaunal fish diversity of Kharakuva Fish Market, Veraval, Gujarat. Field experiment was conducted during August, 2017 to March, 2018 at Kharakuva Fish Market, Veraval, Gujarat. Data was collected at monthly intervals. Samplings was done at fortnightly intervals. Identification of fishes was based on fresh or preserved specimens. They were identified by using standard taxonomic keys. The collected fish were identified up to species level. During the present study there were 94 finfish species under 14 order and 52 families, whereas 26 shellfish species belonging to 4 orders and 10 families were reported. Among the finfishes order Perciformes while in case of shellfishes order Decapoda represents abundance in landing. In case of family wise contribution Carangidae contributes more number of finfish species and family Penaeidae contributes more number of shellfish species. The price structure reported that shellfish fetches good value than that of finfish. Among finfish Protonibea diacanthus (Jew fish) and among the shellfish lobsters viz., Penulirus homarus and P. ornatus (Spiny lobster) fetches the highest price. During the present study there was good amount of finfish as well as shellfish resources was landed. There is good number of species diversity also reported, which represents the study location having good potential of fisheries resource. The price structure also fetches good market price. So to maintain this good condition of fisheries resource as well as market price the rules and regulations which were already made by government of Gujarat should have to be follow strictly by the fisherman.

The plant species which were found along the sea – shore was called as “seaweed”. They were reported all along the Indian coastal state waters in variable amount. Among all these Indian coastal states Tamil nadu and Gujarat states contributes more seaweed resource. Seaweed were mainly found along the coastal waters of the ocean. According to colouration and pigmentation in plants they were classified in three categories; i.e. Red, Brown and Green seaweed. The various reports were reported that seaweed are utilized for many different purposes all along the world. They were mainly utilized for food, medicine, fertilizers etc. in this review article authors were discussed about the availability of seaweed resources along Indian waters and the mineral and proximate composition of commercially important seaweed species, which represents seaweed is one of the most important resource in future and so in future this scenario will ultimately causes the utilization and demand of seaweed was going on increasing, not only along Asian countries but also from all over the world. The Indian waters consideration represents, there was very less importance was given to seaweed as that of other oceanic resource, but in future India also going to give importance to seaweed mainly because over-fishing/ over-harvesting of other oceanic resources like fishes, shell fishes, mammals etc. from Indian oceanic waters. so all these thing together concluded that in future seaweed will became as one of the best alternative option for human beings.