Sari SLA, Pangastuti A, Susilowati A, Purwoko Tj, Mahajoeno E, Hidayat W, Mardhena I, Panuntun DF, Kurniawati D, Anitasari R. 2016. Cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria from the gut of Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. Biodiversitas 17: 78-83. Lignocellulose is very potential as raw material for biofuel production because it is cheap, abundant and renewable. The main carbohydrate constituents of lignocellulosic material are cellulose and hemicelluloses (a group of heteropolymers that includes xylans and mannans). The most important process in bioethanol production from lignocellulose is the bioconversion of polysaccharides into fermentable sugar. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been developed because it is the more environmentally approach. Since the cost of hydrolytic enzyme production is the major problem of the process, many type of research has been focused on lowering the cost of enzyme production, including screening for organisms with a novel enzyme. This present study was conducted to isolate and screen of the cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic Bacteria from the gut of Oryctes rhinoceros L. larvae. The 3 rd instars were used in this research. The research succeeded to isolate 11 bacterial isolates from the gut of O. rhinoceros larvae. The screening result demonstrated that bacterial isolates had cellulolytic (63.6% of total isolates), xylanolytic (72.7% of total isolates), and mannanolytic (100% of total isolates) activity. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence, 10 isolates were classified into Bacillus and only 1 isolate was classified into Citrobacter. The GOR2 which was closely related to Bacillus pumilus vit bac1 has the highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. The isolate with the highest mannanolytic activity was the GOR7 which was closely related to Bacillus aryabhattai strain IHB B 6821.

Abstract. Pangastuti A, Alfisah RK, Istiana NI, Sari SLA, Setyaningsih R, Susilowati A, Purwoko T. 2019. Metagenomic analysis of microbial community in over-fermented tempeh. Biodiversitas 20: 1106-1114. Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food which is made from soybeans through a fermentation process using Rhizopus as a starter culture. Tempeh is now considered as a functional food with many beneficial effects to human health beyond its nutritional value. The microbial community during the further fermentation process of tempeh give typical characteristic taste and flavor. Therefore the over-fermented tempeh is used as a flavoring in some dishes. Metagenomic analysis needed to know the involvement of microbial communities since most of the microbes involved in further fermentation process are unculturable. This research aimed to study the diversity of the microbial community in the over-fermented tempeh (72 hours) using the metagenomic analysis. Seventeen OTUs of fungi in over-fermented tempeh were detected. Among them, 9 OTUs had significant abundance: six species were identified as Tryblidiopsis sichuanensis, Candida sp.2_1., Kluyveromyces marxianus, Trichosporon asahii, Trichosporon gracile, and Trichosporon ovoides, one species was identified in the order level Mucorales, and two fungi species could not be determined. Species of the order Mucorales was the dominant species in over-fermented tempeh (72 hours) with a relative abundance of 62.46%, followed by Kluyveromyces marxianus with a relative abundance of 3698%. Meanwhile, 132 OTUs of the bacterial community was detected, the predominant 10 genera were Chryseobacterium, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Acetobacter, Novosphingobium, Comamonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Stenotrophomonas, in which Lactobacillus agilis, Lactococcus sp., and Klebsiella sp., were most abundant with relative abundance of 27%, 26.3%, and 13% respectively.

Bacterial communities associated with white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae at early developmental stages. Biodiversitas 11 (2): 65-68.Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to monitor the dynamics of the bacterial communities associated with early developmental stages of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae. Samples for analysis were egg, hatching nauplii, 24 hours old nauplii, and 48 hours old nauplii which were collected from one cycle of production at commercial hatchery. T-RFLP results indicated that the bacterial community associated with early stages of shrimp development might be transferred vertically from broodstock via egg. There was no significant difference between bacterial communities investigated, except the bacterial community of 48 hours old nauplii. Diversity analyses showed that the bacterial community of egg had the highest diversity and evenness, meanwhile the bacterial community of 48 hours old nauplii had the lowest diversity. Nine phylotypes were found at all stages with high abundance. Those TRFs were identified as γ-proteobacteria, α-proteobacteria, and bacteroidetes group.

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the species composition and diversity index of fishes in Lake Lauik Tawar and Lake Laulo, Simeulue Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The survey was conducted from 17 th to 21 st of November 2015. The fishes were sampled using gillnets with mesh size 1-3 inches. The representative of each species was photographed and then preserved in 10% formalin and transported for taxonomic identification in the