Coronary artery disease remains a major problem for Western societies. The advent of percutaneous interventions, including stents has brought clinical care to a new level of efficacy, yet problems remain. Restenosis following stenting in human coronary arteries appears at last to be yielding to therapeutic strategies, especially drug eluting stents. Because therapeutic percutaneous coronary intervention is widely dominated by the intracoronary stent, restenosis therapies must include the stented coronary artery. Animal models and in particular the porcine coronary model seem to represent the human coronary artery reaction to stenting. It mimics several clinical conditions including thrombosis and neointimal formation. A key question in the era of intravascular technologies is how well this and other models can predict clinical events. This paper discusses the models and their application.Keywords. Neointima; restenosis; stent; vascular injury INTRODUCTION Research in human coronary atherosclerosis is limited by an inability to control experiments and by the slow temporal lesion development. Fortunately, animal arterial injury models appear to yield comparable results to clinical trials, and can teach about the arterial response to injury. These models have become indispensable for understanding the interaction of the coronary artery with medical devices, and toward understanding neointimal genesis. They can likely function to test safety and efficacy of new devices. In these models the pathophysiologic aspects of disease can be simulated, variables can be controlled, and statistical data accrued in short time periods.Many animal models have been used for restenosis studies. This variety comes because an ideal animal model does not exist. Each animal model has advantages and disadvantages. This chapter discusses the principal animal models described for restenosis studies, their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages compared with humans, and the considerations necessary for proximity to and ideal animal model and study design.

This study suggests the safety and efficacy of BVS in patients with ISR. In this challenging anatomic scenario BVS obtained late angiographic and clinical results similar to DEB but inferior to EES. (Restenosis Intrastent: Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds Treatment [RIBS VI]; NCT02672878).

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