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Seventeen children with sickle cell anemia received 40 partial exchange transfusions for serious complications of sickle cell anemia, and preoperatively to reduce the risk of anesthesia. Each patient received two partial exchange transfusions at 24-hour intervals and all patients tolerated the exchange transfusions well. The mean hematocrit level rose from 22.9% before the exchange transfusion to 40.6% at the end of the second exchange. The mean sickle hemoglobin level decreased from 93.8% before the exchange to 28.0% after the second exchange. Patients with acute lung syndrome had remarkable improvement in clinical symptoms and PaO2 levels, and those with acute liver crisis had substantial reduction in serum bilirubin levels. All the other patients showed marked clinical improvement following the exchange transfusions.

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