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AbstrakEmisi kendaraan bermotor mengandung komponen particulate matter (PM) yang memiliki efek proinflamasi melalui pembentukan reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peningkatan ROS akan berdampak pada stres oksidatif yang menyebabkan penurunan kadar antioksidan. Kacang tunggak mengandung senyawa genistein yang dapat bekerja sebagai antioksidan sehingga mampu mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif akibat paparan asap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kacang tunggak terhadap kadar SOD serum pada tikus Wistar. Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan post test only control group design. Sebanyak tiga puluh enam tikus Wistar jantan dibagi secara acak dalam 9 kelompok, terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif (N), kelompok yang diberi oksigen 4 menit (N+O4), kelompok yang diberi ekstrak kacang tunggak (N+G), kelompok yang diberi perlakuan asap 2, 3 dan 4 menit, masing-masing diberikan oksigen 4 menit tanpa ekstrak kacang tunggak (A2O4(-)G, A3O4(-)G, A4O4(-)G) dan dengan ekstrak kacang tunggak (A2O4(+)G, A3O4(+)G, A4O4(+)G). Pemaparan asap dilakukan setiap hari selama 30 hari. Variabel yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah kadar SOD serum. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antar kelompok yang signifikan (p < 0,05). Hasil analisis statistik post hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa kadar SOD serum kelompok tikus A2O4(+)G, A3O4(+)G, A4O4(+)G meningkat signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus A2O4(-)G, A3O4(-)G, A4O4(-)G. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak kacang tunggak dapat mencegah penurunan kadar SOD serum tikus wistar yang dipapar asap mesin berbahan bakar bensin Kata Kunci: asap mesin berbahan bakar bensin, kacang tunggak, particulate matter (PM), superoksida dismutase. THE EFFECT OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) EXTRACT ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) SERUM OF WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus) EXPOSED TO PETROL-FUELED ENGINE EXHAUST AbstractPetrol-fueled engine exhaust consisting of particulate matter exerts pro-inflammatory effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive generation of ROS leads to oxidative stress causing antioxidant level to decrease. Cowpea contains genistein as an antioxidant, prevent oxidative stress after being exposed to petrol-fueled engine exhaust. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cowpea extract on SOD serum in Wistar rat after being exposed to petrol-fueled engine exhaust. This study use post test only control group design. Thirty six male wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into nine groups, consisted of control negative group (N), normal + oxygen (N+O4), normal + cowpea extract (N+G), wistar rat with 2, 3, and 4 minutes exposure + oxygen without cowpea extract (

Backgrounds: In the last two decades, studies have been widely carried out to assess the association between singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene in exon 7 and the risk of urolithiasis. However, inconsistency across the studies was reported. Therefore, our current study aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the association between the risk of urolithiasis and the gene polymorphisms of CaSR R990G, CaSR A986S, and CaSR Q1011E. Methods: Published papers from PubMed, Embase, Cohcrane, and Web of science were included for the study, and they were analyzed using fixed or random effect model. Results: A total of 11 papers consisting of eight papers evaluating CaSR R990G, nine papers evaluating CaSR A986S, and five papers evaluating CaSR Q1011E were included in our analysis. Our pooled calculation found that protective effect against urolithiasis was observed in R allele and RR genotype of CaSR R990G and A allele and AA genotype of CaSR A986S. Conversely, increased susceptibility to urolithiasis was found in G allele and RG genotype of CaSR R990G and S allele of CaSR A986S. Interestingly, our findings in subgroup analysis confirmed that the correlation between CaSR R990G and urolithiasis was found in Caucasian population. Meanwhile, in Asian population, the association was observed in CaSR A986S. Conclusions: CaSR R990G and CaSR A986S, but not CaSR Q1011E, are associated with the risk of urolithiasis.