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The Front end read out circuits are major block in the implementation of Capacitive MEMS accelerometer. Front end read-out circuits comprises of preamplifier block containing folded cascode fully differential operational amplifier which are required for the signal conditioning of the signals received from the MEMS sensors. The op-amps are prime elements in design and implementation of mixed signal integrated circuits. The high gain and low power of the designed circuits helps in the designing of high precision IC’s for numerous application. Amongst the available topologies folded cascode topology plays vital role in the design and development of low power, high gain read out circuits. This paper illustrates the design and analysis of low power, high gain fully differential Folded Cascode Operational Amplifier for front end read out circuits. The designed op-amp exhibits a power consumption or dissipation of 92.14 μW and relatively higher open loop DC gain value with a value calculated at 81.33 dB by employing folded cascode topology. The UGB and Phase Margin for the selected design are 35 MHz and 83.60 respectively. The design operates at 5V power supply with the bias current of 12.11 μA. The circuit design and simulations have been implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS technology.

Abstract-the Chernobyl disaster was the world worst nuclear disaster, took place in the Chernobyl power plant due to explosion of reactor at Pripyat city in Ukraine. It led to 31 deaths including fire fighters and workers of the power plant on same day andabout 15 indirect deaths up to 2011. Also around 115000 people were evacuated from a 30 km zone around the plant. In this paper author gives a case study on Chernobyl disaster. And also, author finds the reasons and its effect on the human beings after the accident. And also, the confinement process of reactor number 4.

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