Postcolonial novels incorporating hybrid culture elements into the story present new problems for translation. The hybrid elements that appear in the source text can be maintained or removed in the translation process, depending on the strategy adopted by the translator. This research focus on the hybrid elements of an Indonesian postcolonial novel and the strategy for maintaining and eliminating hybridity in its French translation. The data source in this research is the novel Bumi Manusia (1980) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as the source text and its translation in French. Using a qualitative approach with a comparative method, the analysis results show that most of the efforts to maintain hybridity are carried out in translating social life terms and self-names because they are related to the frequency of occurrence, the complexity of meaning, and identity. However, on the whole, the translation is less hybrid as more dehybridization occurs. Moreover, hybridity in Bumi Manusia and its French translation, Le Monde des hommes, is manifested differently. Although the translation tends to create a homologous space of one culture, it still shows linguistic and cultural hybridity.

Contexts in the identification of referents can be developed from external reality to cognitive reality or memory marked by the French demonstrative determinants ce, cet, cette, and ces as deixes of memory. Information in memory deixis referents can be categorized into the different statuses of information for the hearer, i.e. new information and old information. This study employed the qualitative-descriptive method with the data obtained from the novel Le Rouge et le Noir (1830) written by Stendhal. The study’s findings show that memory deixis referents can be identified through the way they evoke the readers’ old memories or (2) evoke the speakers’ memories and provide new information to the reader. In addition, deixes of memory can be demonstrative and performative. They may be used to describe the social life in 19th century France, to show the speakers’ emotional states, or to introduce a new topic in the text.

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