The development in the agricultural sector required an increase in human resource capacity. The special effort can be in the form of training and skills in processing agricultural products. The research aim was to analyze the factors that influence the dynamics of horticultural farmers groups, and assessed the level of group dynamics and the independence of horticultural farmer group members. The determination of the location of the research was performed by using a qualitative descriptive method, which was performed in two locations, which were Pujon Sub-district, Malang Regency and Batu City. The research was conducted from October to November 2019. The analysis used was descriptive analysis to describe the level of group dynamics in the two regions which were Pujon Sub-district Malang Regency and Batu City. The dynamics level of horticultural farmers in each region was categorized as low (? 20%), moderate (20.1% - 40%), normal (40.1% - 60%), high (60.1% - 80.00 %) and very high (? 80%). The results showed that the dynamics value of the horticultural group in Malang City was included in the high category, which was 77.18%. While the value of group dynamics in Malang Sub-district of Pujon was 77.08% and in Batu City was 77.27%, both regions were included in the high category.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the availability and distribution of food, but its impact on food consumption at the household level was not much known. The aim of the research was to analyze changes in food expense during the Covid-19 pandemic of cases in Indonesia and Armenia. Indonesian case used primary data in April-May 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic. Data were analyzed descriptively and paired t statistic test. The results showed that there was a change in consumption during the pandemic. The significant changes were an increase in the amount of rice consumption, an increase in food expense, and a decrease in the purchase of cooked meal. Snack purchases during the pandemic increased but not significantly. The Armenia case used secondary data from FAO. Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the post-war crisis in the Republic of Armenia, it has had a negative impact on transportation, storage, sales, financial situation, access, and availability of agricultural products and labor markets. Thus, digital solutions for agricultural marketing, that is Digital Agriculture Marketplace Platform have been adopted. The conclusion was that the impact of the pandemic actually increased consumption needs. The recommendation that given was the support for food logistics transportation which very much needed in the pandemic era and more specifically supported by food distribution security.

Starbucks is a company applied to go green and concerned in the environment. Moreover, it is supported by the policy regarding the plastic cups minimalization and recycled materials used in Starbucks outlets. The objectives of the study are (1) To determine the effect of green marketing on Starbucks coffee brand image in Malang, (2) To determine the effect of brand image on buying interest in Starbuck Coffee in Malang. This research conducted at Starbucks Malang City Point and Starbucks Kota Araya in March-July 2019. The object of the research was the brand image (X1) green marketing (X2) and buying interest (Y). The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis, reliability test analysis, and path analysis. The results were (1) Green Marketing had positive and significant effects on Brand Image in other words the better quality of Green Marketing impacted on Brand Image quality improvement Starbucks Outlets in Malang (2) Brand Image had positive and significant effects on buying interest, in another sense better Brand Image of Starbucks Outlets in Malang impacted on consumer buying interest enhancement.

One of characteristic that can influence the implementation of the main tasks of agricultural extension agents is the social-economic characteristics of each extension agent. This nature will affect the success of agricultural extension officers in carrying out their duties. This can be analyzed about the relationship of the social-economic characteristics of extension agents with the implementation of the main tasks of agricultural extension workers in Batu City. Based on these problems, the objectives of this study were obtained identifying the relationship between the social-economic characteristics of extension agents and the implementation of basic tasks. The method of sampling uses a saturated sampling method or census with the number of respondents 48. The data collection method uses a questionnaire with reference to the Likert scale and the analytical method used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study are that the social-economic characteristics of agricultural extension workers in Batu City have a variety including including the productive age, higher education, long experience as an extension agent, large income and expenditure. The implementation of the main tasks of agricultural extension workers in Batu City carried out their duties quite clearly can be seen from the results of the average Work Achievement Value (NPK) of 68.70. There is a positive relationship between the social characteristics of the age and old background instructors to become extension agents with the implementation of the main tasks of agricultural extension workers in Batu City.