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Cattle and buffalo are known to be the symbol of wealth in rural India from time immemorial. To ensure the attainable socioeconomic benefits from cattle and buffalo reaching the rural poor through effective strategies, a more complete extrapolation of cattle and buffalo population in the country for the future using forecasting tools was attempted in this study. Data on cattle and buffalo population from 1950-51 to 2016-17 were collected from various reports of BAHS and FAO. Various time series forecasting models were employed to identify the growth patterns and to predict the future trends in bovine population. The forecasting models used were compared to identify the best fit model. From the results of the study, it could be discerned that the Damped Trend Exponential Smoothing was found to be the best fit model for cattle population and forecasted value indicated that the cattle population in the country would be almost stagnant in the next three decades. The cattle population forecast showed a slightly decreasing trend from 2010

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The present investigation on the floristic diversity of sacred groves of Sreedharan Chumarathumana, Muthuthala Panchayath, Pattambi Taluk, Palakkad district, Kerala resulted in the documentation of 126 important medicinal plants. The conservation of such precious sacred groves is an urgent need for future generation.

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