ATPase was purified 51-fold from a chemoautotrophic, obligately acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NASF-1. The purified ATPase showed the typical subunit pattern of the F 1 -ATPase on a polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, with 5 subunits of apparent molecular masses of 55, 50, 33, 20, and 18 kDa. The enzyme hydrolyzed ATP, GTP, and ITP, but neither UTP nor ADP. The K m value for ATP was 1.8 mM. ATPase activity was optimum at pH 8.5 at 45 C, and was activated by sulfite. Azide strongly inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas the enzyme was relatively resistant to vanadate, nitrate, and N,N 0 -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The genes encoding the subunits for the F 1 F O -ATPase from A. ferrooxidans NASF-1 were cloned as three overlapping fragments by PCR cloning and sequenced. The molecular masses of the , , , , and " subunits of the F 1 portion were deduced from the amino acid sequences to be 55.5, 50.5, 33.1, 19.2, and 15.1 kDa, respectively.

In our clinic, patients with relatively positive diseases, which form the orthopedic conditions with inflammation, were successfully treated with eppikajutsuto and daiobotampito after reisenjotsuin. Patients with pain due to orthopedic disorders where NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were difficult to be used or ineffective were successfully treated with eppikajutsuto and daiobotampito. We present the representative cases and bibliographically discuss them. eppikajutsuto, daiobotampito, orthopedics, gout, pseudogout

Pseudogout is a crystal-induced arthritis that often occurs in senile individuals. We report a case of an acute attack of pseudogout that was successfully treated with bofutsushosan and orengedokuto. The patient was an 87-year-old man who visited our clinic and complained of left wrist joint pain 2 days after onset. His physical examination revealed tenderness in his left wrist joint. Plain roentgenogram revealed slight calcification of the left wrist joint, and an inflammatory reaction was found on blood examination. Thus, he was diagnosed with an acute attack of pseudogout in his wrist joint. We prescribed bofutsushosan and orengedokuto. After internal use, his left wrist joint symptoms gradually improved. At the follow-up visit 3 days after his first visit, his left wrist joint pain was resolved completely, and after 9 days, his laboratory data were normalized. Thus, bofutsushosan and orengedokuto were effective in the treatment of an acute attack of pseudogout. pseudogout, acute attack, bofutsushosan, orengedokuto