No abstract

About 200 to 300 million of sperms transverse from vagina to the cervix, only few hundreds of them can achieve the oocyte.The aim is theassessment ofpost coital test in females with unexplained infertility.In this study, 260 infertile women during 14-16-day of the cycle were considered. The women were subjected to the post-coital test at 2 hours after intercourse. The study was conducted in Baghdad during the period from January -April, 2018-2019.The study revealed that less than half of females were over 35 years and more than half were educated from urban areas and housewives while half of them had recurrent urinary tract infection, vaginitis, diabetes mellitus and less than that had positive family history, anxiety and hypertension. About interventions, 30% of females had cautery, D&C, IUI and less had IVF. 100% had taken clomiphene drug.The mean of BMI was 32.5±2.5. Ultrasound monitoring was done, there were normal findings with patent tubes except part of cases had picture of polycystic ovarian syndrome and ovarian failure. For post coital test, small percentage was with normal amount and consistency (score 3) and high percentage was with abnormal spinnbarkheit and ferning tests, (mostly score 0 & score1). 75% of cases had acidic vagina with dead non motile sperms while 25% with alkaline vagina with average of 40% progressive active sperms, 30%Moderate progressive Liner motility with highly significance (P value<0.05). For cellularity 70% was less than 6-8/HPF. For sperm activity only 30% were motile sperms. For sperm count (3 days' absence), 30% had mild oligospermia, 20% had moderate oligospermia and 10% had sever oligospermia. Most of females had normal hormonal assay but there was gross deficiency in the level of DHEA and D3 (average mean was 90±5µg/dl, 25±2 IU respectively) with small part of them had elevation in FSH and Testosterone hormones.For dietary pattern, most of females had dairy product, salt, tea with sugar daily, more than half of them had acidic food, fast food, dried food, gas drinking daily while part of them had intake of fruit weekly and vegetables monthly. Half of them were smoking cigarette weekly.High vaginal acidity, impairment of cervical mucous with deficiency of DHEA and D3 in the females and oligospermia in the males should be considered in case of unexplained infertility.

In order to estimate the hepato-protective activity of Vit.B 12 in diazinon hepatotoxic effect, the current study was performed on twenty-four male adult Wistar rats. They'd divided into four equal groups for 30 days: group A (control group) served as control; group B (Dzn group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD 50 (3.8mg/ kg.bw) from diazinon; group C (Dzn + Vit.B 12 group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD 50 (3.8 mg / kg bw) from diazinon, in addition to the systemic intramuscular doses of (4 mg/kg) from Vit.B 12 in daily basis; group D (Vit.B 12 group) administered daily systemic intramuscular doses of (4 mg/kg) Vit.B 12 only. The results showed that group C had a significant improvement in the antioxidant indicators compared with group B in which the CAT, GSH, and SOD serum activities showed significant increasing (P≤0.05) in group C, in addition, it revealed a significant decreasing (P≤0.05) in the values of MDA and peroxynitrite comparing to the same levels of the group B. The histological results of the liver of group C showed a great improvement compared with group B which showed normal hepatic architecture consisting of normal hepatocytes, and normal sinusoids with normal other hepatic components except mild central vein dilation. The current study concludes that vitamin B 12 helps to ameliorate the diazinon hepatotoxic effects as a model for a wide spread of organophosphorus compounds in agriculture and veterinary sectors by ameliorating its harmful oxidation on the liver since vitamin B 12 is cheap and available as a commercial supplement therefore we recommend its uses

Transmission electron microscope TEM is a tool used to visualization intracellular components of certain samples ranging from very little dimension one micrometer up to one nanometer, Therefore, TEM can reveal a tiny detail that can't investigate through the light microscope. The application of TEM in the medical field may help the researchers to analyze the morphological structure of samples obtained from small organisms like bacteria and viruses, as well as study the samples of cellular inclusions on basis of three-dimensional images.

T HE protective role of Vit.B 12 on neurotoxic effect of diazinon has been studied and conducted on 24 adults male wistar rats were divided equally into 4 groups, the group I was used as normal control; group II was orally given 1/10 LD 50 (3.8mg/kg.bw) of diazinon for one month; group III was orally given 1/10 LD 50 (3.8mg/kg.bw) of diazinon plus systemic injection (I.M route) of Vit.B 12 (4 mg/kg.bw) for one month; group IV was given systemic injection (I.M route) of Vit.B 12 (4 mg/kg.bw) only for one month. Biochemically it revealed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in GSH, CAT and SOD values in both Vit.B 12 groups (group III and group IV) as well to control group when compared to diazinon group (group II); while the values of MDA and peroxynitrite revealed a significant (P≤0.05) decreases in the both Vit.B 12 groups (group III and group IV) as well to control group when compared to diazinon group (group II); moreover, the histopathological results of the diazinon group (group II) revealed a serious neurologic changes included necrotized neurons, diffuse neuronal edema, perivascular edema and hyperplasia of glial cells; while the Vit.B 12 groups showed no effective histopathological changes were more or less to control group. There are a little information has been provided concerning the relation between diazinon and Vit.B 12 ,therefore, the current study concluded that the Vit.B 12 has a significant protective role against the neurological toxic effects of diazinon on basis of histopathological and biochemical patterns.