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-Weed management is a primary concern in direct seeded rice (DSR) cropping because weed growth becomes a major constraint on crop yield. A two year field study was set up to evaluate the effect of various weed control measures on crop growth, grain yield and grain quality of DSR. The experiment involved five different weed control measures: hand weeding, hoeing, inter-row tine cultivation, inter-row spike hoeing and herbicide treatment (Nominee 100 SC). The extent of weed control (compared to a non-weeded control) ranged from 50-95%. The highest crop yield was obtained using hand weeding. Hand weeding, tine cultivation and herbicide treatment raised the number of fertile rice tillers formed per unit area and the thousand grain weight. Tine cultivation provided an effective and economical level of weed control in the DSR crop.Keywords: herbicides, direct seeded rice, grain yield, tine cultivator. Palavras-chave: herbicidas, arroz em plantio direto, rendimento de grãos, cultivo com forcado. RESUMO

C itrus is infected by several different pathogens, including fungi, prokaryotes, viruses, nematodes, and virus-like pathogens (Khan et al., 2016). Among these pathogens, the citrus greening disease is one of the most devastating and widely distributed pathogens in citrus orchards of significant citrus-growing areas of the world and Pakistan (Iftikhar et al., 2016;Saifullah et al., 2015). Citrus greening (CGD) disease is now alternatively termed as Huanglongbing (HLB) and is known with different names in different countries owing to their local languages. All the citrus cultivars are affected by this disease regardless of the rootstock. This graft transmissible disease can also be transmitted through an insect vector very efficiently (Graca, 1991;Batool et al., 2007). HLB being a century-old disease, probably originated at the end of the 19 th century in China (Batool et al., 2007; Bove, 2006). The greening disease is caused by gram-negative unculturable phloem limited bacterium (Murray and Schlifer, 1994) named Candidatus liberibacter. Jagoueix et al.

Although the prevalence of 41% individuals at high risk for VTE is comparable to the global prevalence of 41.5%, prophylactic adequacy of 28% was lower than the 33% observed globally. Meticulous planning coupled with operational interventions, such as institutional multidisciplinary thromboprophylactic team, can be an effective strategy at enhancing the prophylactic standards and thereby attaining optimal patient outcomes.

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